tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3906774110397651882024-03-14T06:17:56.849+00:00'On a flesh and bone foundation': An Irish HistoryÉire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.comBlogger211125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-33991589499369461762023-08-05T12:15:00.002+01:002023-08-05T12:25:54.130+01:00Anne Tottenham & The Haunting of Loftus Hall<div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiudjhi-__aEU50dG9_nnXM6plyi4Y_XoIiQKMJOfdDbA-iUIVz2fzADQrdalby-SbNs-RR_P6LmGoVZse6x6j2fknhzzdjgU9fRiZ3MHsetSXG4NG9PM21vJR9I3ZOIKF5RNYei3_yBFLD/s834/BACFBBC8-4DA2-4625-A785-2E01F144A280_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="834" height="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiudjhi-__aEU50dG9_nnXM6plyi4Y_XoIiQKMJOfdDbA-iUIVz2fzADQrdalby-SbNs-RR_P6LmGoVZse6x6j2fknhzzdjgU9fRiZ3MHsetSXG4NG9PM21vJR9I3ZOIKF5RNYei3_yBFLD/w640-h529/BACFBBC8-4DA2-4625-A785-2E01F144A280_1_201_a.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div></b><b><i>Loftus Hall...</i></b></span></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;">A revisit to the story of Loftus Hall, one I first published in 2020.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">On the peninsula of Hook Head, County Wexford, Loftus Hall is said to be one of the most haunted mansions in Ireland. Pummelled by sea winds and buffeted by ferocious storms in the winter, the house stands midway between the place called Portersgate and the small fishing village of Churchtown. Some form of home has stood on this site since the 12th century; however, our concern on this day is Loftus Hall as it was in the 18th century.</div><p></p><p>In 1882, a mournful tale of 18th century Loftus Hall appeared in the press, under the headline ‘Miss Tottenham’s Ghost: A true story told at Windsor Castle to Queen Victoria’. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPgT4IxIIhGMkcjQ7qeAA7wBn8B9h_MwmOXFKPK9QXP7Ww0cZOOAvEMASfKtA5YkV1h9CgxKHYVEo2xekL8CgI48hm1ZVWmQVFdLVH5c09szL2Z9RmC5HbSATSUrepE8J-TSgIGzMfChKo/s800/EB4D9B21-A18B-46F4-8D0F-E5548A5D7A84.jpeg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="506" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPgT4IxIIhGMkcjQ7qeAA7wBn8B9h_MwmOXFKPK9QXP7Ww0cZOOAvEMASfKtA5YkV1h9CgxKHYVEo2xekL8CgI48hm1ZVWmQVFdLVH5c09szL2Z9RmC5HbSATSUrepE8J-TSgIGzMfChKo/w253-h400/EB4D9B21-A18B-46F4-8D0F-E5548A5D7A84.jpeg" width="253" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">Pictured here on the left, together with her son John, is Lady Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely, resident of Loftus Hall, and Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria from 1851 to 1889. Lady Jane was the first person to share the story of Loftus Hall with Queen Victoria.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Shortly before the death of Prince Albert, Jane bent the queen's ear with a disturbing other worldly tale of the Hall. Although Victoria did not believe in such things, she nonetheless instructed Lady Jane not to share the story with Prince Albert, as he did believe in the supernatural. </div></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Lady Jane began with the earthly facts: In the 1770s, together with a full complement of servants and other staff, the denizens of Loftus Hall comprised Charles Tottenham the 2nd, and his second wife Jane Cliffe [his cousin], along with his youngest daughter Anne, described as tall, beautiful and unmarried. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">Charles had inherited the house upon the death of his first wife (Anne’s mother), the Honourable Anne Loftus. By the time of Charles’ inheritance, Loftus Hall was a dilapidated ugly mansion, said to be lacking in any desirable qualities. It had long passages that led nowhere, large dreary rooms, freezing cold flagstone floors, small closets and all manner of useless nooks and crannies. The only room deemed worthy of note was the Tapestry Chamber.</p><p><span style="text-align: justify;">According to Lady Jane's version of the story, on one especially black stormy night in 1775, as the three Tottenhams settled into the large drawing room, they were shaken by loud knocking on the outer gate, a startling and rare occurrence.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">A servant answered the call only to discover a young gentleman on horseback. He had lost his way in the terrible storm and was guided to Loftus Hall by the candlelight glowing in the windows of the house.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Both the gentleman and his horse were completely spent, so he requested and was given shelter within. Little did the Tottenhams realise what would be wrought by this dark-eyed, dark-haired stranger, whom fate had brought within their midst.</p><p><i><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;"><b>A brief amour...</b></span></i></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Over the course of his stay at Loftus Hall, the young man proved himself to be of most excellent character, gallant in behaviour, pleasing in both manner and countenance, an altogether delightfully ‘finished’ gentleman. He proved such an amiable addition to the household that he was invited to stay with them for 'some days', and in turn made himself quite at home. The beautiful Anne Tottenham fell in love with him. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">At Loftus Hall with only her austere father and cruel stepmother, visitors were few, and there were no marriageable matches on the horizon, thus Anne led a life that was almost cloistered, like that of a nun. She was very lonely. Very quickly Anne formed a deep attachment to the young man. However, in the eyes of the handsome stranger Anne was only a passing fancy. His life and his friends swiftly took him away from her, a fact acknowledged in the refrain of a very old ballad, ‘He loved and rode away’.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Whilst no one knew what truly passed between them, his leaving left Anne bereft. Her melancholy over the loss of her belovéd became deep mourning and then madness, leading her parents to strictly confine Anne to a single room in house, the Tapestry Chamber.</p><p><i><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;"><b>Did Satan come to call?</b></span></i></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Around this time a second story emerged, a wild story woven out of whole cloth. As the handsome visitor, together with the three Tottenhams made for a foursome in the house, it was proposed that evenings be spent playing whist. To Anne's delight, with the young man as her partner, the pair won every point and her parents none. However, one evening the game came to a very different end. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">Clapping with pleasure at winning yet another point, Anne felt the precious ring her late mother had given her fly off her finger and drop to the floor. When she bent to retrieve it, much to her horror Anne discovered one of the stranger’s feet was a cloven hoof, the sign of Satan. Horrified, Anne let out a blood-curdling scream, whereupon the stranger turned into a giant fireball and disappeared up the chimney to the sound of a booming thunderclap, leaving behind the distinct odour of brimstone. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">Word spread that Anne was driven completely mad by this visitation of the devil, thus her family was forced to confine her. She was carried away to the Tapestry Chamber, once her favourite room in the house, from whence she would never again emerge. Anne remained there for the rest of her life, dying in the Tapestry Chamber at the age of 31, less than a year after the visitation. </p><p><i><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;"><b>The ghost in silk brocade...</b></span></i></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAPFn85rMUnU-KInx92EyfCxVw9FwDchBapW_YlVlUPgZX-DhFBZ7Fzque9lSF8EfhyphenhyphenfuIZeLkf5GpMohxXOL3XnMp70ctGv0j44YP8bv27jAYcveXy-YifCGu24gCwfI_bpcUg_zHeQkd/s2048/49695F21-3B1D-4A59-85D5-1DB9F47FCD5D.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1412" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAPFn85rMUnU-KInx92EyfCxVw9FwDchBapW_YlVlUPgZX-DhFBZ7Fzque9lSF8EfhyphenhyphenfuIZeLkf5GpMohxXOL3XnMp70ctGv0j44YP8bv27jAYcveXy-YifCGu24gCwfI_bpcUg_zHeQkd/w276-h400/49695F21-3B1D-4A59-85D5-1DB9F47FCD5D.jpeg" width="276" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">After Anne’s death, it is said the Tottenhams were daily plagued by innumerable disturbances, noises and apparitions, heard and felt in the Tapestry Chamber, leaving them and their servants in a perpetual state of consternation. The Tottenhams summoned the local Catholic parish priest, one Father Broders (also Broaders), to Loftus Hall to perform an exorcism. He used all the powers of his office to exorcise the demons of the house, entirely focussing his ministrations on the Tapestry Chamber. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">For the rest of his life the Tottenhams looked kindly upon both Fr. Broders and his family. Legend held that his tombstone in nearby Horetown Cemetery was inscribed with these words: "Here lies Father Broders, greatest of them all / Who banished the devil from Loftus Hall"; however, there is no evidence that such a verse was ever inscribed upon it.</div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">The first account by a guest of a supernatural encounter came near the end of 1790. A gentleman invited to Loftus Hall for a hunting party arrived late, so was put up in the Tapestry Room because the rest of the house was full. Moments after he extinguished his candle and settled into bed, something heavy leapt onto the bed growling like a wild dog, the curtains were torn back and the bedclothes stripped entirely from beneath him. Thinking he was the victim of a vicious prank, he struck a light and searched the room complete, shocked to find nothing and no one within it, save himself. The lock on his door was fully engaged, as he had set it upon retiring.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Years later one Mr. Shannon, the valet of the Marquis of Ely, was put up in the Tapestry Room for the course of their stay in the house. On the very first night the entire house was awakened by the roars and screams of Mr. Shannon. He had escaped the room and was found cowering in a most indecorous position, tearing at his night shirt and wild with fear.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Upon being settled, Shannon told his tale. Shortly after he extinguished his candle, the curtains rattled and were torn from the window, whereon a tall ghostly lady, dressed in stiff brocaded silk stood immediately by his bedside. Shannon was so terrified by the encounter that he insisted he would leave the employ of the Marquis should his lordship ever again expect him to occupy that room.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Numerous others are said to have been terrorised in the Tapestry Chamber by the ghost of a tall woman dressed in silk brocade, who would move through the room, stop before them, then enter the powder closet, including a Mr. Dale, the 'sober-minded man of reason' who served as tutor of the young Marquis of Ely, as well as a ‘decent clergyman’ named Reade, and a newspaper man who claimed to have seen the ghost of Anne Tottenham on at least three occasions, whilst he was a guest in the Tapestry Chamber.</p><p><i><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;"><b>Why cannot Anne find rest?</b></span></i></p><div style="text-align: justify;">Although Lady Jane Loftus would not speak to the very particular facts of the matter, she claimed the Tottenhams preferred the story of a satanic visit be bandied abroad, rather than have the story of what really happened to Anne Tottenham come to light. In the 18th and early 19th century, attempts to trace Anne's history came to naught. </div><p style="text-align: justify;">In 1872, Jane Loftus, who was then Dowager Marchioness of Ely, came to the conclusion that a visit to Loftus Hall by her good friend and Royal Highness, Queen Victoria, would raise both the stature and esteem of the Loftus family. To that end the dowager convinced her son, the 4th Marquis John Henry Wellington Graham Loftus, that the house had to be renovated. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">It is here the story takes on its most tragic dimension. ‘Tis likely the love story between Anne Tottenham and the young man was true, but the handsome stranger left Anne with more than madness. According to local legend, during those renovations at Loftus Hall, the skeleton of a tiny infant was found within the walls of the Tapestry Chamber.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">It has been surmised by some that Anne was confined to the chamber because she fell pregnant through her amour with the young gentleman. Anne's family likely concocted the story of the satanic visitation to keep the curious at bay, thus saving the family’s reputation. With no doctor or midwife to attend her, Anne Tottenham may have died a horribly painful death during childbirth in the Tapestry Chamber. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">The renovation of the house saw the chamber converted to a billiards room; however, it did not stop the hauntings. It is alleged the ghost of Anne would enter in the night ‘making a horrid noise’ whilst knocking about the billiard balls. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">Does Anne continue to haunt Loftus Hall, perhaps in search of her infant? Some say the dead haunt those places where they knew happiness, however brief. Perhaps this is the case with Anne Tottenham.</p><p><i><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;">The end of Loftus Hall, as it once was...</span></b></i></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Under the guidance of his mother, The Dowager Marchioness of Ely, the 4th Marquis had spared no expense, given that the queen was going to visit, and in doing so accumulated weighty debts. Queen Victoria never set foot on the estate. The renovations of Loftus Hall spelled the end of the mansion writ large. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">The marquis died without issue in April of 1889. The Hall was bequeathed to a cousin, who recognising the prohibitive cost of keeping Loftus, put the bankrupt estate up for sale. Since then it has reopened in various incarnations, from a convent through to a hotel. Eventually it came under private ownership.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Loftus Hall continues to excite interest, and the tales associated with it are ever evolving. In some versions of the story, the gentleman on horseback has become a seafarer, and the devil is said to have exploded through the ceiling, rather than disappear up the chimney (a rather more interesting story than saying 'dry rot' caused the hole in the ceiling). </p><p style="text-align: justify;">A 1930 rendition of the story describes Anne as "having many suitors to hand, but none [who] found favour with her, other than the dark-eyed stranger". In 1936 a newspaper report of the story had the stranger propose marriage, only to have the 'cold-hearted' Charles Tottenham refuse consent, leaving the offended young man to entirely quit Loftus Hall.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">What is often missing in accounts is the likelihood that the Tottenhams chose to circulate a wild story about a satanic visitation in order to save their reputation, rather than reveal Charles Tottenham's betrayal of his own flesh and blood, by not having provided proper medical care for his youngest daughter, Anne, in her time of greatest need.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmHxGYK8p6wVxgotiWgZ4T_mw2cBVeuyg_5Y2Uz_zpWf7KDjJGK9wfm5SfAgXD89keHTdJJqVnGIL1jyjQtrBu1h-Q3zKJZ7QAbP3Qvn_llmpbuqtVNMNOXDCblLmnpmG7jI0_Kf13U4mf/s600/P_WP_1398.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="455" data-original-width="600" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmHxGYK8p6wVxgotiWgZ4T_mw2cBVeuyg_5Y2Uz_zpWf7KDjJGK9wfm5SfAgXD89keHTdJJqVnGIL1jyjQtrBu1h-Q3zKJZ7QAbP3Qvn_llmpbuqtVNMNOXDCblLmnpmG7jI0_Kf13U4mf/w640-h486/P_WP_1398.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">©Éire_Historian</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Images: </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">1] My image of Loftus Hall, with light overlays ©Éire_Historian </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">2] ©The National Gallery, London</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">3] Brocaded dress ©Victoria & Albert Museum; I added the light overlay.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">4] Loftus Hall ©National Library of Ireland.</span></p></div>Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-65350858939593516802021-05-12T05:08:00.252+01:002021-05-12T05:08:00.192+01:00A Loop-the-loop life: Sophie Peirce-Evans, Irish Aviatrix’<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-S5dGcWQlt7xsBEtH0IrBwIb69vzauSYBQ7O0eCx4h_UTbzT2K41bw_a4QBeSrBji_hDShr4Kl9oQ5yLa-_QJFY-fkxrCMOuub4ky8Wovefx6JM4nqx7ViPe0OckJmSo1gpylztEQslEf/s1800/276EE43F-7044-4308-9686-CF54B204B3CD.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1800" data-original-width="1168" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-S5dGcWQlt7xsBEtH0IrBwIb69vzauSYBQ7O0eCx4h_UTbzT2K41bw_a4QBeSrBji_hDShr4Kl9oQ5yLa-_QJFY-fkxrCMOuub4ky8Wovefx6JM4nqx7ViPe0OckJmSo1gpylztEQslEf/w260-h400/276EE43F-7044-4308-9686-CF54B204B3CD.jpeg" width="260" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">No doubt you’ve heard of Amelia Earhart, but what about the woman who inspired Ms. Earhart?</span><p></p>
<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Aviatrix* Sophia ‘Sophie’ Catherine Theresa Mary Peirce-Evans, known at the height of her fame as ‘Mary, Lady Heath’, was once the most famous Irish woman in the world, celebrated for her extraordinary exploits as a pilot, and for her determination to live by her own rules. It is important to note that throughout her life Sophia would use several different forenames, all mined from her birth name. </span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Born 17 November 1896 at Knockaderry House, on her father’s estate in County Limerick, thirteen months after her birth Sophia’s life took a shocking turn.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Her father John Peirce-Evans, brutally bludgeoned to death his wife, Sophia’s mother Kate Theresa Smyth, a former servant of the house. Baby Sophia was found sitting in a pool of blood on the floor next to her mother’s battered lifeless body.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">John had a history of violence toward Kate and others, and it was suspected he was mentally ill. Deemed insane at the time of the murder, he was interned in the Limerick Lunatic Asylum, ‘at the leisure of the Lord Lieutenant’. There is no evidence he ever served time for the brutal slaying of his wife.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>A new family for Catherine Sophia:</b></span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Sophia was sent to live with her paternal grandparents George and Henrietta Georgina Peirce, and her father's sisters Anna Maria Peirce and Sophia Louisa Peirce. The family would call her Catherine Sophia Peirce. Her spinster aunties would actively dissuade her from any ‘unfeminine pursuits’.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Catherine Sophia proved a disappointment to them by growing into an accomplished young woman who pursued studies in agriculture at the Royal College of Science in Dublin. She was one of the very few women accepted into the school.</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrsJFXQ-F2G8lLI2IOai7sT9NjwNCVgnHBHdHkwFEknvGVLkygjW_b5FeIEtCvyy5qt7lw_Vt3ekPga88d8ZNjWjCcvF4YR1cWPsrlTWuN-z00SdnpyXDgMAvpjljJqMZZqqm2mRNALj2t/s2048/B59F0281-AF99-437B-87B9-F29F8E3C2114_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1749" data-original-width="2048" height="546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrsJFXQ-F2G8lLI2IOai7sT9NjwNCVgnHBHdHkwFEknvGVLkygjW_b5FeIEtCvyy5qt7lw_Vt3ekPga88d8ZNjWjCcvF4YR1cWPsrlTWuN-z00SdnpyXDgMAvpjljJqMZZqqm2mRNALj2t/w640-h546/B59F0281-AF99-437B-87B9-F29F8E3C2114_1_201_a.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Formerly the Royal College of Science, now part of the Government Buildings complex.</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Further discomfiting her relatives, Catherine became a sports aficionado. At nearly 6ft tall Catherine developed a taste for high jump, long jump, javelin and the pentathlon, and these 'unfeminine pursuits' proved a good fit for her.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Catherine would go on to co-found the Women’s Amateur Athletic Association in 1922, compete at the 1926 Women’s International Games and lobby for women’s athletics to be included in the Olympic games. In fact, her address to the 1925 Olympic Congress at Prague resulted in the inclusion of women’s track and field events in the 1928 Olympics. </span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">During her studies at the Royal College of Science Catherine met her first husband, William Davis Elliott-Lynn. They were married 26 November 1916. She signed the marriage register Catherine Sophia Peirce-Evans. The marriage was dissolved in 1925. William died in 1927.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Up into the wild blue yonder:</b></span></p>
<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBuw21JDYBqXIvM-_pZlUjzQIl12LHKRiL1e3-ysKcbDmuHArHBhkxUcv_1lTF6GWKuKwT7ak3P6Z5IJdD8Xk_kBVqGdxIu8eVmUoET0Er8q0fV24fvJmebCYe-XvI0N1Nyh_QUwEvhYaO/s1800/C2B0F2DF-A610-4782-9E9A-E4118E580ABA_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1300" data-original-width="1800" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBuw21JDYBqXIvM-_pZlUjzQIl12LHKRiL1e3-ysKcbDmuHArHBhkxUcv_1lTF6GWKuKwT7ak3P6Z5IJdD8Xk_kBVqGdxIu8eVmUoET0Er8q0fV24fvJmebCYe-XvI0N1Nyh_QUwEvhYaO/w640-h462/C2B0F2DF-A610-4782-9E9A-E4118E580ABA_1_201_a.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Following the dissolution of her marriage, Catherine Sophia became Sophie, decided to learn how to fly, joined the London Aeroplane Club, took flight training and earned her pilot’s license 4 November 1925.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Sophie briefly abandoned flying in 1926, in protest of “the jealous and malicious treatment of women pilots by club officials and men pilots”. Women were banned from holding commercial pilot licenses, as menstruation was deemed a prohibitive disability.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Following a groundswell of public support, Sophie was soon not only flying her Avro Avian, a small open-cockpit plane, but working as a flight instructor as well. The years leading up to 1929 would prove stellar for her. </span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Sophie flies into the record books:</b></span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><ul><li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">First woman to fly solo from London to Glasgow.</span></span></li></ul><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><ul><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">July 1926: flew all around England to promote light aircraft flight, landing at as many aerodromes as possible in a single day, managing more than 50. Successfully landed in an additional 17 fields. </span></li></ul></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><ul><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">First woman to perform a loop-the-loop in a light aircraft.</span></li></ul></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><ul><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Established world altitude records, flying at 16,000 feet in 1926, and 19,000 ft and 23,000 feet in 1927.</span></li></ul></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><ul><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Only woman entered in 2nd International Aviation Meet at Zurich, Sophie came away with two prize cups.</span></li></ul></span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><ul><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">July 1928: Sophie, now known as Mary, Lady Heath, finally won the right to possess a ‘B’ pilot’s license, allowing her to fly commercial aircraft.</span></li></ul></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> </span><br /><ul><li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Hired by Royal Dutch Airlines, Mary was the first woman to pilot a passenger plane.</span></span></li></ul><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><ul><li><span style="font-family: inherit;">1929: First person of any gender to fly solo over Africa, from Capetown to Cairo, and then on to Croydon Aerodrome, England. This harrowing journey of over 9,600 kilometres took months rather than weeks, from 5 January to 18 May 1929, due to a minor crash and numerous stops.</span></li></ul></span><p></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Amelia Earhart was so impressed by Mary’s flight over Africa that Amelia was in England to welcome Mary home. Amelia bought the Avro Avian Mary had used for the flight, and shipped it back to America. Earhart used it for training flights.</span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaGCQ9Vv5s8zhQkIplyI65NZy9OJ4yWMiKPYGJ1aDqQAdiHZeUbtLSWX59XS5AaHDAAEtpr88cRFLgj61PNu8dFEVb9r0G9Z2exNa-RJ9SnwDykygAHtxDALdVIh2-ONGEuU_Ek8xee-p6/s1500/0FE7FACC-FA5C-477C-ABB5-8E6413F2F70F.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1090" data-original-width="1500" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaGCQ9Vv5s8zhQkIplyI65NZy9OJ4yWMiKPYGJ1aDqQAdiHZeUbtLSWX59XS5AaHDAAEtpr88cRFLgj61PNu8dFEVb9r0G9Z2exNa-RJ9SnwDykygAHtxDALdVIh2-ONGEuU_Ek8xee-p6/w640-h466/0FE7FACC-FA5C-477C-ABB5-8E6413F2F70F.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMJ8bU6mqwvOkUQ8jv-1qpw7j2CbannJhBK_hSqHBfVlyO4eMeU-hZsKKuGEqg-TAXmUcFOcpekLqHCqtWjUOluN3o4yYvQ9Tq-SAKRYhk9dwz5pzyQDF27yv4U5rm3S7jsBNBcRrrzA3B/s2048/AAA15960-68E5-47B3-907C-ABA6ADC76736.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1479" data-original-width="2048" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMJ8bU6mqwvOkUQ8jv-1qpw7j2CbannJhBK_hSqHBfVlyO4eMeU-hZsKKuGEqg-TAXmUcFOcpekLqHCqtWjUOluN3o4yYvQ9Tq-SAKRYhk9dwz5pzyQDF27yv4U5rm3S7jsBNBcRrrzA3B/w640-h462/AAA15960-68E5-47B3-907C-ABA6ADC76736.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Mary’s personal life: inevitable bumps along the way:</b></span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">On 11 October 1927 Sophie married Sir James Heath, becoming Mary, Lady Heath. He was 75; she was 30. In the press of the day rumour had it Mary needed a husband with deep pockets who could finance her desire to fly throughout the world. However, the truth is by 1927 Mary was already earning a tidy sum.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">In 1930 in Reno, Nevada, U.S.A. Mary filed to have the marriage dissolved, on the grounds of extreme cruelty. The British courts did not recognise the divorce until 4 July 1932, granting Lord Heath a ‘decree nisi’, making him the injured party, based on his claim that Mary had already married her third husband.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">It didn’t help Mary that the American papers reported she’d married her lover in Kentucky. Damned press! It was looking like polygamy until it was revealed the marriage took place in Dublin on 21 September 1932. This third husband was George Athenry Reginald ‘Jack’ Williams. Mary would go by the name Sophie Mary Heath Williams.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Mary’s extraordinary flying career and her personal style delighted fans the world over. At the acme of her career she was reportedly earning as much as £10,000 a year. Often upon landing, she would emerge from the cockpit fashionably attired, including fur stole, silk stockings and heels. </span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs1PcNiDYLCBtH_RK16XAvJ3VIO6NDyHaFQLEVxc8_6YmL9ovUC1MiD11zFNJRGzKQ0UyBizfkrQxqZXA2jifiFJbzXODkHJz1E7h4LNlfIzUvIGvu2-HAfYCvhXpIeo5RqkkBVQe9dUWT/s1459/3FA8EA84-6015-4EAD-BA48-505358998C3F_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1459" data-original-width="1125" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs1PcNiDYLCBtH_RK16XAvJ3VIO6NDyHaFQLEVxc8_6YmL9ovUC1MiD11zFNJRGzKQ0UyBizfkrQxqZXA2jifiFJbzXODkHJz1E7h4LNlfIzUvIGvu2-HAfYCvhXpIeo5RqkkBVQe9dUWT/w494-h640/3FA8EA84-6015-4EAD-BA48-505358998C3F_1_201_a.jpeg" width="494" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>A crashing halt to a life's work:</b></span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The flying career of this brilliant aviatrix came to an horrific end on 29 August 1929 at an airshow in Cleveland, USA. Over the course of her career, Mary had had three previous but minor crashes with her plane; however, this crash left her badly injured, with a fractured skull, broken nose and internal injuries. She would never again pilot a plane.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Undaunted Mary returned to Ireland and founded her own aviation company, training the first generation of pilots who would fly for the newly minted Aer Lingus, the National Airline of Ireland.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Despite all of her achievements, unhappiness plagued this brilliant woman. Perhaps she never really got over the tragic beginning of her life.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Once the most famous Irish woman in the world, Sophia ‘Sophie’ Catherine Theresa Mary Peirce-Evans (Elliott-Lynn/Heath/Williams) met a sad end, dying 9 May 1939, after suffering a head injury in a fall on a tram. She was only 42 years old.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Her detractors in the press took a post-mortem swipe at her, saying Sophie had fallen because she was drunk. The coroner’s report revealed the truth. Sophie had no alcohol in her blood. He concluded Sophie likely lost her balance and fell because of a brain injury caused by the skull fracture she had suffered in the 1929 crash that ended her flying career. </span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Notes:</b></span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The asterix I've placed to next to the word 'Aviatrix' is to mark it out as an arcane term. It was used to describe Sophie during her lifetime; that is the only reason it appears. It is entirely appropriate to refer to Sophie as an aviator.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">If you mine newspapers for Sophie, you'll come across some interesting stories. Use all forms of her name in your search. </span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">There has been at least one book written about Sophie, but I cannot speak to its accuracy.</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Photos:</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">1] Of Sophie: my colourised versions of what I understand are public domain images.</span></p>
<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">2] The Former Royal College of Science ©Éire_Historian</span></p>
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<p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">©Éire_Historian</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> </span></p>Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-22964737101512609962020-11-03T22:18:00.010+00:002021-05-11T21:26:16.092+01:00‘Educator Extraordinaire': Anne Mullin Jellicoe<p><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH_VXc0Fuv9kYewqSuPWiEInVy-zhYGNZm9FtsnREfGzW9BbkFB2kFdy8WobmNQvUZGNwP0eb1n7NrrXAOa0jxLmxrgImisRjhRlJOHzI_RzZNNr3boPgEdqO3_F3ENVzbQxocNBldsOEU/s432/5D3BEF48-3E6E-45F9-9B52-8CD09AAC4D9B_1_201_a.jpeg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="424" data-original-width="432" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH_VXc0Fuv9kYewqSuPWiEInVy-zhYGNZm9FtsnREfGzW9BbkFB2kFdy8WobmNQvUZGNwP0eb1n7NrrXAOa0jxLmxrgImisRjhRlJOHzI_RzZNNr3boPgEdqO3_F3ENVzbQxocNBldsOEU/w400-h393/5D3BEF48-3E6E-45F9-9B52-8CD09AAC4D9B_1_201_a.jpeg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">This is Anne Jellicoe (1823 - 1880), a woman about whom you've likely never heard. In Dublin City, Anne founded a college for the education of girls. Alexandra College played an integral role in the lives of many extraordinary Irish women, who in their turn had a profound impact on the history of Ireland. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Born Anne William Mullin on 26 March 1823, her whole life long Anne had a keen interest in uplifting the lives of Irish women. Following her 1846 marriage to John Jellicoe, the two moved to County Offaly where Anne opened a school for girls, teaching them lacemaking, homemaking and other practical skills.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Controversially, Anne not only took the bold move of teaching the girls to think independently, she decided to add taught subjects normally reserved for boys. The local Catholic priest was so outraged, he pushed the authorities to bring the school to an end.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Not to be deterred, Anne and John moved to Dublin, where Anne worked for charity schools. She taught poor and indigent women secretarial skills and bookkeeping, such that these women might secure employment by which they could support their families.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In 1861 Anne founded the Queen’s Institute for the Training and Employment of Educated Women. There Anne and other teachers provided technical training classes for women. It was located in the building that is now Buswell’s Hotel. (At the corner of Kildare & Molesworth streets, just over the road from the National Library of Ireland.)</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Anne realised she wanted to do more than provide technical training for women. She recognised that women needed a well-rounded education. Having enjoyed a proper education herself, Anne mourned the dearth of such schooling for middle-class Protestant young women, and wanted to offer something comparable to that given to young men.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">These ideas ran entirely contrary to the long prevailing belief that middle-class women should be educated only in ‘the accomplishments’ that which would allow them to attract a husband and raise a family. For a Protestant middle-class girl, needlework, music and appropriate reading, together with basic arithmetic (to work out the grocer’s bill) and a language from the continent, most often French, but occasionally Italian or German, comprised her education. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Little thought was given to those middle-class girls who would never marry or who would end up in very reduced circumstances, having been widowed or abandoned. Anne’s husband John died in 1862, and her own widowhood seemed to increase Anne’s desire to better educate women.</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwlw-gt80jv-7II-9Y59r9rxaVTdD_ob3ZOvxCC5cHDNPpgWMkvgRoMqEIXdAGfuOc4VUTK3y5rl5dG5IyttSBP0SvracHnYGXrEYDEnJGE_99om0cG7lmjYpzEIg13KkbRFLtdWq6uI8I/s2048/168F478B-FDF1-41D3-9357-C069BAB068C0_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1337" data-original-width="2048" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwlw-gt80jv-7II-9Y59r9rxaVTdD_ob3ZOvxCC5cHDNPpgWMkvgRoMqEIXdAGfuOc4VUTK3y5rl5dG5IyttSBP0SvracHnYGXrEYDEnJGE_99om0cG7lmjYpzEIg13KkbRFLtdWq6uI8I/w640-h418/168F478B-FDF1-41D3-9357-C069BAB068C0_1_201_a.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From my postcard collection, the back garden of the college, <br />featuring the Jellico Building.</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">In 1866, with the help of Church of Ireland Archbishop Richard Chenevix Trench, who supported her mandate, Anne founded Alexandra College in Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin. The original plan was to educate governesses at the school, but Anne recognised the need to make the school into a university-style institution offering a firm grounding in taught subjects, including History, Physics, Chemistry, Euclidian Geometry, Algebra, English Literature, Languages and Art. These subjects would prepare young women to sit the same examinations as young men. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5EQd1Ab08_KsSYX49d1ikUGSuaWO5NaYq6BU5ZyfrTjOjoji8YCRrcgr1jZ2Mdz4xdBgqaxaDPqCSftsmV7jbYV_ridw9PV0DgynI8pLktaLUx4f0of8141jSMP9DFFWJL9Q8Cqd7uxSI/s600/CF9A7CB2-C507-4BA7-89D0-4AC6975D3CDB.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="491" data-original-width="600" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5EQd1Ab08_KsSYX49d1ikUGSuaWO5NaYq6BU5ZyfrTjOjoji8YCRrcgr1jZ2Mdz4xdBgqaxaDPqCSftsmV7jbYV_ridw9PV0DgynI8pLktaLUx4f0of8141jSMP9DFFWJL9Q8Cqd7uxSI/w640-h524/CF9A7CB2-C507-4BA7-89D0-4AC6975D3CDB.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alexandra College on Earlsfort Terrace. <br />Lawrence Collection, National Library of Ireland</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">This was no easy task for Anne and others who held that educating young women was in and of itself intrinsically valuable. Catholic bishops in particular felt a world with educated women was an inherently bad thing, because to educate a woman was to bring her into an unnatural state away from her so-called natural roles of wife and mother.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Anne Jellicoe was among those who fiercely lobbied for the extension to girls of the Intermediate Education (Ireland) Act of 1878. The Act established the principle that girls and women had the right to sit for public competitive examinations and the right to earn university degrees.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">By the time of Anne’s death on 18 October 1880, Alexandra College had become a recognised feeder school for young women entering university. Perhaps not surprisingly, her obituary named Anne as the ‘Lady Superintendent of Alexandra School’, but did not acknowledge the fact that she founded the college.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Today Alexandra College still exists. It now operates as an independent school, under the Church of Ireland ethos, and is recognised as one of the finest girls’ schools in Ireland.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Thankfully, in the 19th century, Catholic nuns (members of my own family among them) also got on board with the idea of educating girls for university entrance, but that is a story for another day.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">©Éire_Historian</span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-large;">********</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">Images: </span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">1] A portrait of Anne William Mullin Jellicoe by an unattributed artist.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">2] From my postcard collection, the back garden and Jellicoe Hall at Alexandra College.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">3] The buildings of Alexandra College fronting Earlsfort Terrace. Lawrence Collection, National Library of Ireland.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><u>Endnote:</u></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">The Intermediate Education (Ireland) Act, 1878, Chapter LXVI, Section Six, Line 4, with respect to the education of girls, reads exactly as follows:</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;">“The Board shall from time to time, with the approval of the Lord Lieutenant, make rules for the purposes of this Act with respect to the following matters. For applying, as far as conveniently may be, the benefits of this Act to the education of girls.”</span></p>Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-48366039255383386142020-10-30T04:08:00.007+00:002020-10-30T11:10:12.499+00:00'Cycling Apparitions in the Castle Ruins': An Irish Ghost Story<div style="text-align: justify;">Since it is almost Hallowe'en I thought I'd post a light hearted 'ghost' story, a tale our dad shared with us about one of his adventures in the wilds of Connemara.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">When my dad was a young man he was an amateur competitive cyclist, and spent every spare penny he had on the maintenance of his bicycles. When he was able to take a holiday from work he and his friends would cycle around the country. Together, over many holidays, they travelled hundreds of miles, eventually navigating the whole of the island of Ireland. They were always very well prepared, carrying with them sleeping bags, a primus stove for cooking, along with a neatly compact kit of cooking implements, some food, and torches for night lighting.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Each day the travelling group would go as far as the wind and their legs would carry them. Overnight stays were arranged as they went. Many nights they found themselves sleeping in the hayloft of an obliging farmer, in exchange for helping out a little the next day. After such nights they were usually greeted with a delicious breakfast of fresh eggs, sausages, bacon, batch bread and coffee so strong "it would grow hair on your chest", as my dad used to say.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TEGI_TojcPI/AAAAAAAABOM/Rw1PI2K4gms/s1600/123508.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TEGI_TojcPI/AAAAAAAABOM/Rw1PI2K4gms/s640/123508.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From my dad's photo collection, a shot taken in the Twelve Bens<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">On a trip up into Connemara they found themselves arriving in a small village too late at night to make any sort of sleeping arrangements. They had cycled through the Twelve Bens, a mountain range which, while not exceptionally high, has roads so narrow and drops so steep that cycling through it is not for the faint of heart. The weather had closed in on them, and visibility was very poor; they had to stop for a while before completing their journey through the mountains, thus the very late arrival at the village.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The weather was still a little unstable when they arrived, and not wanting to get drenched by an overnight rain while sleeping under the stars, they decided to seek shelter inside castle ruins one of the party had spotted in a field on the edge of the village. They made their way through the field, trying to quiet the clatter of their bicycles so as not to unsettle the cows. My dad loved the darkness of the night; he said it seemed as though there were a billion stars in the sky.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TEGWA4GhfvI/AAAAAAAABOc/2Pmkw3vBqAI/s1600/P8280098_2.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="384" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TEGWA4GhfvI/AAAAAAAABOc/2Pmkw3vBqAI/s640/P8280098_2.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">They arrived to discover the ruins of the castle were in good enough shape that they would be well sheltered for the night. They pulled out their gear, lit candles, heated up the primus stove, and prepared a small meal over which they enjoyed animated conversation about their day's adventures. They used their torches and candles to poke around a bit inside the ruins before finally extinguishing them and settling in for the night.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">My dad said he had never before slept so soundly. They slept late into the morning and awakened fresh and ready to go into the village for a hearty meal before they once again set out on their bikes. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Along the way they met a shepherd moving a large flock of sheep down the road. He directed them to a small pub where they could get a meal, and told them to avoid the castle ruins on their tour because during the night he had noticed strange lights in the castle keep. He was worried that the angry ghost who used to haunt the place might be back. The cycling party said nothing and proceeded to the pub. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">They arrived to find the place in an uproar with a number of villagers excitedly talking about strange lights seen in the castle ruins the previous night, how the lights moved about so much, how they were glowing for a while and then suddenly gone. There was one 'auld fella' (my dad's words) in particular who seemed to delight in regaling the group with stories about apparitions met and ghosts that had once haunted the ruins, and who wondered aloud what this reappearance might mean. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">My father and his friends felt they should own up to the fact that it was them lighting up the ruins the previous night, and not an angry ghost; however, everyone seemed so excited about it that they just didn't have the heart to say anything. The 'cycling apparitions' happily shared a meal with the villagers at the pub and continued on their journey.</div>
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©Éire_Historian<br />
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Note: *The ruin in the image I have included above is not in fact in Connemara; it is Hoare Abbey in Tipperary, but you get the picture. We were children when my father, who died 20 years ago, told us this story, so unfortunately I’ve no idea as to the exact whereabouts of the castle — ‘on the edge of the village’ so the story goes. Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-626211347735180082020-09-16T05:08:00.206+01:002020-09-16T05:08:00.692+01:00A Chronicle of Sarah Henrietta Purser: Irish Artist & Patron of the Arts<div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbooaUGDIJsCTF0pS1MsNUaf2N8SgHI8etOxgZOGGVHNtYTPATcvxXif_d4Qxo_aqwoVd2DtsYWM9mMBilOfIxET2k8eI_QrE1jCpgx0rmCo1NYRPA7Dpnz5g82LCFOYc6ZCF9mwqBmJio/s2048/02665562-C764-4128-92E5-0585C5FE95EB.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbooaUGDIJsCTF0pS1MsNUaf2N8SgHI8etOxgZOGGVHNtYTPATcvxXif_d4Qxo_aqwoVd2DtsYWM9mMBilOfIxET2k8eI_QrE1jCpgx0rmCo1NYRPA7Dpnz5g82LCFOYc6ZCF9mwqBmJio/w400-h400/02665562-C764-4128-92E5-0585C5FE95EB.jpeg" title="Left: Drawing of Purser by Jack Yeats Right: Sarah's home on Harcourt Terrace" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">When you’re one of eleven children — three daughters, and eight sons — born into a highly ambitious family, how do you distinguish yourself?</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Sarah Henrietta Purser made her mark as an portrait painter, glass artist, and patron of the arts. She was a woman who made substantive changes to the way in which the world of art operated in Ireland. Although she had been born into privilege, Sarah’s path was not an easy one. </span></div></span><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Born 22 March 1848 in Kingstown, now Dún Laoghaire, Sarah Henrietta Purser was the third daughter and eighth child born to Anne Mallett Purser and her husband Benjamin Purser. Sarah was christened with the forename of her first born sister Sarah Jane who died in infancy in 1840.</span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Sarah's father Benjamin Purser sprang from a fabulously wealthy Dublin family. Both his father John and elder brother John were ambitious and talented. The two entered into a partnership with Guinness in the St. James Gate Brewery, notably the only pair outside the Guinness family ever given such an opportunity. Benjamin briefly apprenticed at the St. James Gate Brewery; however, while his brother John was acclaimed as ‘a gifted chief brewer’, Benjamin simply did not have the knack for it. </span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">In the spring of 1848, Benjamin took the decision to move his family to Dungarvan, Co. Waterford. There he bought a corn mill. Away from the pressures of his father and family in Dublin, Benjamin appeared to prosper as a flour miller for nigh on twenty years. He also bought a corn store and a grain warehouse, and invested heavily in the new Gas Works. In 1867 he even became a partner in the new brewery of Purser & Cody. </span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">On the brink of womanhood in 1861, thirteen year old Sarah was sent to a finishing school in Switzerland to complete her education. There she became fluent in French and began painting. Sarah would remain at the school until 1863. When she returned to Ireland, Sarah continued to hone her skills as an artist. In 1872, for the first time, Sarah exhibited a painting at the Royal Hibernian Academy [RHA]. Her family allowed Sarah to continue her education where her talents took her, thus she attended the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin from 1873 - 1876; there she won the landscape painting prize in 1876.</span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Little did his family know, but by 1871 Benjamin Purser’s business concerns were collapsing. He had been a spendthrift, splashing out on creature comforts, and throwing a lavish wedding for his eldest daughter. He could afford none of it. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Patriarch of the family, Benjamin’s father John Purser, stepped in and paid off his son’s creditors. Benjamin was mortified. He emigrated (read absconded) away from Ireland, going to America under the guise of looking for work to support his family. Sarah would never again set eyes on her father.</span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Sarah and her mother were left in very reduced circumstances, wholly dependent on the kindness of their Dublin relatives. Her entire life long Sarah recalled how deeply ashamed she felt when entering shops in town where she knew her father owed money.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Benjamin Purser died in America 14 December 1899, leaving £1,327 17s. 9d. to his son William. There was nothing bequeathed to Sarah or her mother.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNGoyri1v0fBaBtIkkQaGJJYHg8Ww6jM5rYCFjfhPjA4MLczlTi7Yb2w7c3fJGCBswENeUOqqfD7nynkj0j7sin8RUVDgyYcpttognR5YAE9mBTDmOm01Qp7XDmEd0w8QTbNvHi0D8FKV3/s2048/469D457E-C505-4A77-B0B5-8011E887C9F9.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1452" data-original-width="2048" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNGoyri1v0fBaBtIkkQaGJJYHg8Ww6jM5rYCFjfhPjA4MLczlTi7Yb2w7c3fJGCBswENeUOqqfD7nynkj0j7sin8RUVDgyYcpttognR5YAE9mBTDmOm01Qp7XDmEd0w8QTbNvHi0D8FKV3/w640-h454/469D457E-C505-4A77-B0B5-8011E887C9F9.jpeg" title="Académie Julian c. 1867" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqmiSay4CDrxMc07XpV_otwZcF7mymjouXC6-HA5LlsrmvJLkA1cFHTiELfzdfR2mX0ZZ2pct8Cg5Z_WCgFwuLLJ_6cyIIdrha7c5yuDaxGmJCE9a8tOhS137XBdGVX3c0VyEtlyfHt4ch/s2048/855C72C5-2839-4028-81E8-E09FD1ACE262.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1603" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqmiSay4CDrxMc07XpV_otwZcF7mymjouXC6-HA5LlsrmvJLkA1cFHTiELfzdfR2mX0ZZ2pct8Cg5Z_WCgFwuLLJ_6cyIIdrha7c5yuDaxGmJCE9a8tOhS137XBdGVX3c0VyEtlyfHt4ch/w501-h640/855C72C5-2839-4028-81E8-E09FD1ACE262.jpeg" title="Passage Panorama, Paris: Location of Académie Julian" width="501" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;">Sarah was a pragmatist who knew she had to earn a living, and she was determined to do so as a portrait painter. With the aid of her brothers, Sarah travelled to the continent, where she spent six months completing her art education at the Académie Julian in the Passage Panorama, Paris. </span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Although it might have loomed as a monumental task, earning her living as an artist was eased by Sarah’s talent for networking. One of her first portraits was commissioned by her friend Jane L'Estrange. Jane introduced Sarah to Lady Gore-Booth who commissioned at least three portraits from Sarah, including a famous double portrait of Constance Gore-Booth (later Markievicz) and her sister Eva. </span></div><span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Once she had her paint brushes in the door, so to speak, Sarah would come to count among her connections, and portrait subjects, the likes of Maud Gonne, the Yeats family, John Millington Synge and many other individuals of note. Thus she was able to build a highly successful portraiture business. Sarah was once quoted as saying of her success as a portraitist, “I went through the aristocracy like measles”.</span></div><span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVsWFtjtlhuqdccG1867KJ0hW_pw-6b1D98rtw-ZGQqBX-CPDVerVHnPnWJ0eew6pexfYreIP7IzHtetJPIVwfzigTejktR-EkLr1WjasWpBfvbr9Zln_VA9wHFwkM49djQtbvnINHuS0w/s800/9AABBF86-80F1-4B24-BB6B-F9E7030BF9F0.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="482" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVsWFtjtlhuqdccG1867KJ0hW_pw-6b1D98rtw-ZGQqBX-CPDVerVHnPnWJ0eew6pexfYreIP7IzHtetJPIVwfzigTejktR-EkLr1WjasWpBfvbr9Zln_VA9wHFwkM49djQtbvnINHuS0w/w386-h640/9AABBF86-80F1-4B24-BB6B-F9E7030BF9F0.jpeg" title="Maud Gonne MacBride with her beloved pet monkey 'Chaperone'" width="386" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq5h2uoLTuiCRKN60uTOFOicnWWxbl4fI8f5NwIv2db-ycwVSaNRhyphenhyphen14cg5q-MkMFgRa9407D4befPpA1fGkSGzizVFV4gn7w6CQdWCi7e2KIfnJP6FyP5LvBvDjws7uaarb7IU0NmZwn5/s644/2237B06A-2E20-4DC5-981F-2A00711ABBE4.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="644" data-original-width="470" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq5h2uoLTuiCRKN60uTOFOicnWWxbl4fI8f5NwIv2db-ycwVSaNRhyphenhyphen14cg5q-MkMFgRa9407D4befPpA1fGkSGzizVFV4gn7w6CQdWCi7e2KIfnJP6FyP5LvBvDjws7uaarb7IU0NmZwn5/w468-h640/2237B06A-2E20-4DC5-981F-2A00711ABBE4.jpeg" title="The Gore-Booth sisters: Constance (later Markievicz) & Eva" width="468" /></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: large;">By the year 1900 Sarah Purser was recognised as a so-called ‘woman of substance’. She was celebrated for her work as an artist, a patron of artists, and a skilled fundraiser for the art community. By virtue of the quality of her work as a portrait artist, along with some savvy investing, Sarah was earning an excellent living; she pegged her wealth at some £30,000. She kept a keen eye on the Dublin Stock Exchange, invested in Guinness and other Irish companies, such that by the time she was middle-aged Sarah had become a wealthy woman in her own right, and could do whatever she liked.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1hoDdzCDaqazLdKaBYAL6PLujIf_dW7gy4rh64l6gX4CNZDT7CKE5YvpX1WZzAI5TwB2Xs43xkHl95HeOrVuksWODFJom8w3E5wvfxaybYb3Xi7qC92HkOg2wvmS_IqpWiVvNQqCLJmuW/s2048/4FCCA054-11C2-43FF-855E-84E8EDC5FD08_1_201_a.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1506" data-original-width="2048" height="471" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1hoDdzCDaqazLdKaBYAL6PLujIf_dW7gy4rh64l6gX4CNZDT7CKE5YvpX1WZzAI5TwB2Xs43xkHl95HeOrVuksWODFJom8w3E5wvfxaybYb3Xi7qC92HkOg2wvmS_IqpWiVvNQqCLJmuW/w640-h471/4FCCA054-11C2-43FF-855E-84E8EDC5FD08_1_201_a.jpeg" title="The Hugh Lane Gallery of Modern Art" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>Sarah mounted an exhibition of the work of John Yeats and Nathanial Hone in 1901, an exhibition said to have inspired Hugh Lane to lay the ground work for his Gallery of Modern Art. Lane was drowned 7 May 1915 in the sinking of the Lusitania, but Sarah kept his dream alive, petitioning the Irish government to house the gallery in Charlemont House. Pictured above, the Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery of Modern Art finally opened at Charlemont House in 1933; it remains there to this day. </span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgibeCei9Zg02BzY-D32vtJQVeqmu2FDDqvHzMazMxwbvNa63QHubeQ4vLFkbwODEL_H34MSSO_fjGXrJf9bqoUjv-P3QlvZEX5SdF0VFDx1yPFUzbZr3ON5qAzWQC3zLtuKdU6o8Ju9wH1/s564/5B707CFC-A0C1-466A-AACA-4E3191D1DEBC.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="564" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgibeCei9Zg02BzY-D32vtJQVeqmu2FDDqvHzMazMxwbvNa63QHubeQ4vLFkbwODEL_H34MSSO_fjGXrJf9bqoUjv-P3QlvZEX5SdF0VFDx1yPFUzbZr3ON5qAzWQC3zLtuKdU6o8Ju9wH1/s16000/5B707CFC-A0C1-466A-AACA-4E3191D1DEBC.jpeg" title="Artists at work in the studio space of ‘An Túr Gloine’ (anglicised: Tower of Glass)" /></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: large;">In 1903, at 24 Upper Pembroke Street in Dublin, Sarah Purser founded and fully financed ‘An Túr Gloine’ (anglicised: Tower of Glass), a co-operative studio for stained glass and opus sectile artists, including Michael Healy, Evie Hone, Beatrice Elvery, Wilhelmina Geddes, Harry Clarke and Alfred Ernest Child. The raison d’etre of the studio was to revive the craft of stained glass in Ireland. Despite her best efforts to remain known principally as a portraitist, after the founding of the studio, Sarah became known for her work as a stained glass artist as well.</span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">From 1878 until 1938 Sarah regularly showed her work at exhibitions of the Royal Hibernian Academy. She had been made an Honorary Member in 1890, and in 1923 Sarah finally became the first female member of the RHA. In 1924, Sarah initiated the launch of the Friends of the National Collections of Ireland, for whom she raised considerable funds. As well, from 1914-43, Sarah held an appointment on the Board of Governors and Guardians of the National Gallery of Ireland. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD_p2r1HrnT9aTrFs08nmP9fL6T2nOHZ_DYiqkpScTKrqjlxB6sqBs8ZprAiLnJMHumqSy3Ig76di1Aaw7XeCGaLLA5KXq4I_AvR8adTlxzxGt-QliQRq3AkfOi3BtLUXfvQSEkbujUDsl/s564/2E4400B6-098C-4296-BA13-03F9D19A148D.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="564" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD_p2r1HrnT9aTrFs08nmP9fL6T2nOHZ_DYiqkpScTKrqjlxB6sqBs8ZprAiLnJMHumqSy3Ig76di1Aaw7XeCGaLLA5KXq4I_AvR8adTlxzxGt-QliQRq3AkfOi3BtLUXfvQSEkbujUDsl/s16000/2E4400B6-098C-4296-BA13-03F9D19A148D.jpeg" title="Board of Governors, National Gallery of Art" /></a></div><div style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sarah Purser lived and worked at number 11 Harcourt Terrace from 1887 to 1909 (see </span><span>first</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> image). I can imagine her studio at the gable end of the property, with light coming in through the glazed sections of the mansard roof. Every Tuesday afternoon at Harcourt Terrace Sarah held an ‘at home’. These gatherings attracted the best of the Irish literary and artistic communities, discussing all manner of topics from art, music, and literature through to agrarian unrest and politics. In 1909 Sarah moved to Mespil House, the home of her brother John Mallet Purser, where Sarah continued to host her 'at home' gatherings.</span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Despite all Sarah Purser had done for the Irish Art Community, as well as the quality and depth of the work she produced, at the age of 75, she had to organise and mount her own exhibition. </span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiJLPORI-suq_EVnDFsZ8yIPUDHsIet3EUOrq7gGRNEvo2F36vUKdzd3tHiz6Zx2y_viYFOb1wB8DvskpnAFP0PZQWU8cDbRN9tnsnQbtINskU6fk_jsHReN0wrKFpgDxpCracx4dGgnmB/s700/DB7CD666-6A57-404F-9351-11D5A3ACA64D_1_201_a.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="451" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiJLPORI-suq_EVnDFsZ8yIPUDHsIet3EUOrq7gGRNEvo2F36vUKdzd3tHiz6Zx2y_viYFOb1wB8DvskpnAFP0PZQWU8cDbRN9tnsnQbtINskU6fk_jsHReN0wrKFpgDxpCracx4dGgnmB/w258-h400/DB7CD666-6A57-404F-9351-11D5A3ACA64D_1_201_a.jpeg" width="258" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;">After suffering a stroke at Mespil House, Sarah Henrietta Purser died 7 August 1943, aged 95 years. She is interred in Mount Jerome Cemetery, Harold’s Cross, Dublin City. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Most fittingly, Sarah’s epitaph is ‘Fortis et strenua’, ‘Strong & Vigorous’.</span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span style="font-size: large; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Today the name Sarah Henrietta Purser still echoes in the halls of Irish Academia because of an endowment made in 1934 to both University College Dublin (UCD) and Trinity College Dublin, funding scholarships for the study of European Art History. </span></div>
Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-86102352507213147402019-08-29T05:08:00.002+01:002020-08-18T22:01:36.731+01:00Travel Thursday: Monday Fun Day in London<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The National Archives UK</td></tr>
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Over the last few years, part of what I have been working on for my history work entails that I visit the National Archives UK [NAUK] in Kew, London. It is a first class facility with plenty of helpful staff, and a wonderfully QUIET reading room in which the only sounds you should hear are those of crinkling old paper and the pages of books being turned. It is a positively blissful atmosphere in which to work.</div>
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When I go over to Kew, I often fly into London Heathrow very early on a Monday morning. NAUK is closed on Mondays, so flying in early allows for a free day to play the tourist in London, while saving the cost of staying over on Sunday night. Some people avoid Heathrow because it's the biggest and the busiest airport in London, but I love the energy of Heathrow. Best of all, it is the closest airport to Kew, it runs like clock-work and you can catch the underground train just a short walk from Terminal 2.<br />
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In today's Travel Thursday post, I am offering some travel advice for heading to Kew from Ireland, as well as some ideas for ways in which you might spend your time on the Monday you arrive. You will note that what I am suggesting here comprises more than one jam-packed day in London. You may want to choose only one or two sights to visit, depending on your fitness level and your stamina. Also, if you stay out all day, keep in mind your choices for travelling back to Kew. Personally, I feel comfortable travelling on the Tube in the early evening and at night, but you may feel otherwise. Though it will cost you more, taxi cabs are always an option.</div>
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If you are in Ireland and you decide to pop over for a little research, in the autumn Aer Lingus commuter flights leave Dublin Airport as early as 6:30 am. To keep things economical, be sure to take one small overnight bag for clothes, MacBook/laptop/iPad etc., and a very small crossbody bag for passport, money, protein bar etc. — nothing else. Also, if it will be your first time visiting the Archives, you will need to register for a reader's ticket. Visit <a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/visit-us/">National Archives UK online</a> for full details to ensure your visit will be a successful one.<br />
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<b>Before you go...</b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: Service updates on London Tube App; Right: Google Maps.<br />
Be sure you have both apps on your phone.</td></tr>
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Before you travel, set yourself up for success by buying and loading your <a href="https://www.visitbritainshop.com/canada/london-visitor-oyster-card/?gclid=CjwKCAjwqZPrBRBnEiwAmNJsNhiJqTZKnPlKICgUx3WXyYbU1qEsQav-HsdHQD42SWzJ0GVVCGHwDhoCHlgQAvD_BwE">Visitor Oyster card online</a>. An Oyster card is the most popular payment method for public transport in London. Also, download the London Tube App. It is invaluable for getting service updates. The Tube system is extensive, and closures and delays are part of the daily operations, so knowing about them in advance will make your day go more smoothly. Be sure you have the Google Maps app on your phone too, as this will allow you to plan your walking route more effectively, as well as provide you with further information on public transport. </div>
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Well in advance of your trip, book your stay in Kew, the location of the National Archives. There are a couple of small independent hotels in Kew that are about 10 minutes walk to the Archives. My favourite is the Coach & Horses on Kew Green. It’s a lovely little boutique hotel that is only about a 10 minute walk from Kew Gardens Station, and from the Archives. A little further afield from the Archives is the Kew Gardens Hotel (best avoided in my experience, as I stayed there twice, and it was awful on both occasions. However, I understand it may be under new ownership). If you prefer a more conventional hotel, there is the Premier Inn London Richmond. It is located in Richmond, as the name says, and is about 25 mins walk from the Archives. There are also a couple of B & Bs in the area, and of course Air BnB is always an option. </div>
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When you arrive at your accommodation, you’ll be too early for check-in, so call in advance to ensure your hotel will allow you to drop off your bag (Be sure it will be held in a secure spot). Drop off your bag, and you’re ready to go.</div>
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<b>When you land…</b><br />
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Once you’re set to leave Heathrow Airport, travel to Kew Gardens Station on the London Tube. Heathrow has three London Underground stations. One serves Terminals 2 and 3 — it’s in between them, and there is a walkway to get there. There is also an underground station at Terminal 4 and one at Terminal 5. </div>
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To get to Kew Gardens Station, you will need to take the Piccadilly line to Hammersmith (District & Piccadilly Line), then make a quick switch at Hammersmith to the District line to Kew Gardens Station. Then walk to your chosen accommodation and drop off your bag. </div>
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<b>Head out for a day in London…</b><br />
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<b>Off we go...</b></div>
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From Kew Gardens Station, take the District Line to Hammersmith; switch to the Piccadilly Line to South Kensington Station (about 25 mins total time). This will bring you to the heart of Albertopolis. There are also a number of lovely shops and restaurants close to South Kensington station.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: Royal Albert Hall; Right; The Albert Memorial.<br />
Two of the sights you might visit in Albertopolis.</td></tr>
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<b>What is Albertopolis?</b></div>
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In the South Kensington area of London, following the fabulous success of the Great Exhibition of 1851, Prince Albert, prince consort to Queen Victoria, had the brilliance of forethought to create a metropolis of art, science and culture. Albert was worried that the British Empire was lagging behind the rest of the world, and so he wanted to create schools for learning, as well as archives and museums, which would celebrate all the best of the British Empire, and mark out Britain as the world leader in the areas of art, science, and culture. </div>
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After Albert's death in 1861, Queen Victoria continued to add to this area, which had become known colloquially as 'Albertopolis'. Laying the cornerstone at what was to be named the Central Hall of Arts and Sciences, Queen Victoria officially christened it Royal Albert Hall. In effect Victoria ensured that the area serves as a national memorial to the memory of her husband.<br />
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In addition to Royal Albert Hall, there are numerous sights to visit in this area including the Albert Memorial, the Victoria & Albert Museum, the Royal College of Music, The Royal College of Art and the Museum of Natural Science.<br />
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<b>Where Pussy Cat went...</b></div>
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Once you’ve had your fill of Albertopolis, you may want to go on to see Buckingham Palace. You won't be able to visit the Queen, as the storied Pussy Cat did, but you can get an outside view of one of the palaces in which she lives. Also, the Queen Victoria Memorial in front of the palace, at the top of the Mall is a sight to behold. It is only a 20-25 minute walk from South Kensington to Buckingham Palace (or 15 minutes via the Tube on the Piccadilly, Circle or District Lines to Green Park Station, then 8 minutes walk to Buckingham Palace).<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Buckingham Palace on a sunny/rainy day.</td></tr>
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From Buckingham Palace, a 15 minute walk up the Mall and through the Admiralty Arch will take you to Trafalgar Square, home to Nelson's Monument, the National Gallery, the National Portrait Gallery, St. Martin-in-the-Fields, — the royal parish church and church of the Admiralty — and a number of statues of historical import.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWbBw5E47oQKYXKZ_l58vvZcoqJAp9xGDvve1T1fy-uBzrgKjKxztLvqBgDsUH96jQs-01Xx7WUKogmkSW3CEjzTI4XG6QyTlSd0wNSjSPgYWE-0PvPeZIxelzPr5vEWHn2WgCvYbfgPq8/s1600/fullsizeoutput_a49b.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="802" data-original-width="1600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWbBw5E47oQKYXKZ_l58vvZcoqJAp9xGDvve1T1fy-uBzrgKjKxztLvqBgDsUH96jQs-01Xx7WUKogmkSW3CEjzTI4XG6QyTlSd0wNSjSPgYWE-0PvPeZIxelzPr5vEWHn2WgCvYbfgPq8/s640/fullsizeoutput_a49b.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: The Admiralty Arch; Right: Nelson's Monument dominating Trafalgar Square</td></tr>
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You may want to travel to the Palace at Westminster, with Big Ben, and Westminster Abbey. Be aware that the Elizabeth Tower in which the clock is located is currently scaffolded and will remain so until 2020. These extraordinary buildings are directly over the road from one another, and are only a 15 minute walk from Buckingham Palace. Also, on the grounds of Westminster Abbey is St. Margaret’s Church. Consecrated in 1523, it is the Church of the House of Commons, and is worth a visit.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIFoLB-tcFXqklBdJbFKahiISddZ7VbCK_GF6PXzWntXTT7ktfeIOb2xLnVHu09KMn66iH5ks9sn5EyFu2x6MwXV9MtX1eyipPBDm8Y9xDtB9qmIzap8ghzHLCwC9z5fUzDyJycFzUrC0t/s1600/fullsizeoutput_a496.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="1600" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIFoLB-tcFXqklBdJbFKahiISddZ7VbCK_GF6PXzWntXTT7ktfeIOb2xLnVHu09KMn66iH5ks9sn5EyFu2x6MwXV9MtX1eyipPBDm8Y9xDtB9qmIzap8ghzHLCwC9z5fUzDyJycFzUrC0t/s640/fullsizeoutput_a496.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: Entrance to Westminster Abbey; Right: The Abbey Cloisters.</td></tr>
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Consider walking to and from all of these sights, because if you take the underground you’ll miss a number of sights along the way. For instance if you follow Bird Cage Walk, you'll see St. James’ Park, the Guards Museum, Flanders Fields Memorial Garden, and the Imperial War Museum (at Horse Guards Road), to name a few.<br />
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<b>Up in the air or down on the Thames...</b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw8suRizblJiUZTl6XzydgYIxKnAuoMd4hmYUYQMUfNqImw_AAG_yn71TWbIqNmaHA3LZKoap7nUILF1lva53IshuvIwGsT4GWnxYGUPOh0inhChdD5kUOJvzAf56GY4i3P8OU_KXJc90a/s1600/fullsizeoutput_a1b7.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1403" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw8suRizblJiUZTl6XzydgYIxKnAuoMd4hmYUYQMUfNqImw_AAG_yn71TWbIqNmaHA3LZKoap7nUILF1lva53IshuvIwGsT4GWnxYGUPOh0inhChdD5kUOJvzAf56GY4i3P8OU_KXJc90a/s640/fullsizeoutput_a1b7.jpeg" width="560" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The London Eye</td></tr>
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Cross over Westminster Bridge and take a spin in one of the pods on the London Eye (it's actually called the Coca-Cola London Eye) for extraordinary views. In advance be sure to book online to get into the fast-track line up. You will still have to line up, but it will not take quite so long. Be aware that they are strict about what you can take into the pod. No professional camera equipment, luggage or huge rucksacks, tripods etc.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv1hts-tM22-PzKmEgte7BrS49_a4YbX5yLrP6TSByUSQq8tUOS3SKEXwVlUN6B77YsSDkqpIOjZzVbW5_CX-79RrlsrnqTA-kvmbFXBpPs8qhxgQxjk4GXB_nNip-COWp57-8y5rHCadw/s1600/fullsizeoutput_a46e.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1386" data-original-width="1600" height="554" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv1hts-tM22-PzKmEgte7BrS49_a4YbX5yLrP6TSByUSQq8tUOS3SKEXwVlUN6B77YsSDkqpIOjZzVbW5_CX-79RrlsrnqTA-kvmbFXBpPs8qhxgQxjk4GXB_nNip-COWp57-8y5rHCadw/s640/fullsizeoutput_a46e.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Palace at Westminster & The Elizabeth Tower that holds Big Ben. I shot this from a boat on the Thames.<br />
Currently, the Elizabeth Tower and Big Ben are completely covered by scaffolding and will be until 2020. </td></tr>
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If heights are not your cup of tea, hop onto a Thames River Cruise. Be sure to take the cruise that travels out to the Palace of Placentia at Greenwich (the primary palace of Henry VIII and birthplace of the very first queen named Elizabeth). Greenwich is the home of the Prime Meridian, where east meets west, and GMT - Greenwich Mean Time. Nearby is the Cutty Sark and the National Maritime museum. On the trip you will also see the Shard, the Tower of London, Tower Bridge, The New Globe Theatre, and numerous other sights of interest. Google ‘Thames River Cruise’ for cruise company options and to get full details.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Cw-n0_cP3glNuseyf7RI24XgetHdVO4r0UzILKKF8PeiJSu_MAJxTLMzX83qpIh_VTmNbBbeCMRXbTNVO6bOBPgPevJVH4fZ-oOambPY5snkUCuetyaKlwnnB-x2VGA46NzF-bnK_-0U/s1600/fullsizeoutput_a49c.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="916" data-original-width="1600" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Cw-n0_cP3glNuseyf7RI24XgetHdVO4r0UzILKKF8PeiJSu_MAJxTLMzX83qpIh_VTmNbBbeCMRXbTNVO6bOBPgPevJVH4fZ-oOambPY5snkUCuetyaKlwnnB-x2VGA46NzF-bnK_-0U/s640/fullsizeoutput_a49c.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A few sights I've shot along the way on the Thames. <br />
Clockwise: Tower Bridge, The Shard, The Tower of London, and The New Globe Theatre.</td></tr>
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<b>To visit in Kew...</b><br />
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Given that you’ll be staying in Kew, if you have no interest in travelling far afield, be sure to visit the Royal Botanic Gardens, aka Kew Gardens. The Elizabeth Gate entrance is 4 mins walk, just over the road from the Coach & Horses. Kew Gardens is a UNESCO World Heritage site. With more than 50,000 different types of plant life, it is the most biodiverse place on our planet. As well, it boasts the largest Victorian glass house in the world, along with Kew Palace and Queen Charlotte’s cottage. Visit <a href="http://kew.org/">kew.org</a> to learn about all Kew Gardens has to offer.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr2lXQzI_0SgPfskccQ1Y7df_YpLF7QJGRGs2rIweiNH5gNjxed3WfUG5DmkziTC0BV8U04uY3FYkn7xRl_ui1LiZ0fHPEMah7xALN9FMMW5e9X2FJ5Qt_5M12XzeyoRZJTusrrNxQ5XfS/s1600/fullsizeoutput_a48e.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr2lXQzI_0SgPfskccQ1Y7df_YpLF7QJGRGs2rIweiNH5gNjxed3WfUG5DmkziTC0BV8U04uY3FYkn7xRl_ui1LiZ0fHPEMah7xALN9FMMW5e9X2FJ5Qt_5M12XzeyoRZJTusrrNxQ5XfS/s640/fullsizeoutput_a48e.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St. Anne's Church & churchyard, Kew Green.</td></tr>
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If your taste runs to that of the taphophile, St. Anne's Churchyard on Kew Green is directly over the road from the Coach & Horses. Among those interred here is English portrait and landscape painter Thomas Gainsborough, likely best known for his portraits including 'The Blue Boy', 'The Lady in Blue' and 'Georgiana, The Duchess of Cavendish'. William Aiton, gardener to King George III, and widely recognised as the first 'true keeper' of the gardens at Kew is also buried here, along with a number of other 18th century notables. A little further away — about 20 mins walk from NAUK — is the Old Mortlake Burial Ground. Notable burials here include Charles Dickens Jr., first born son of the famous novelist, and Georgina Hogarth, sister-in-law of Dickens Sr.. Georgina is the woman who edited and published two volumes of his letters after Dickens' death.<br />
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Throughout the day be sure to stay well hydrated and well fed. I always carry protein bars with me; they are perfect if lunch options are limited. In Kew there are a number a traditional pubs, including those connected to the hotels. Also, if you’re interested in delicious French food try ‘Ma Cuisine’, a bistro near Kew Gardens Station. Owned by two ex-pat French gentlemen, this lovely little bistro has wonderful food, service and atmosphere. It is a little slice of Paris in Kew.<br />
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Travel safely, and be open to seeing as much as you can. Have a wonderful Monday in London, and good luck with your research at the National Archives on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday...and so on.<br />
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<b>Disclosure</b>: Any suggestions made in this blog post are based purely on my own experience. I am not compensated in any way by any company of any description for making reference to any particular hotel, sight or website, nor am I in any way responsible for the content, URL changes, opinions, or any other matter expressed on the sites to which this blog is linked.<br />
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©Jennifer Geraghty-Gorman<br />
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Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-78977363356023404292019-04-05T05:08:00.000+01:002019-04-07T10:12:14.418+01:00In the little grey cottage, a portrait trimmed in black crepe...<div style="text-align: justify;">
When you think about relatives whose homes you visited when you were a child, what do you recollect about those visits? What sorts of things struck you about those family members? Is it names or faces you recall? Maybe something else stands out for you, perhaps a piece of furniture or a portrait hanging on the wall in a reception room?<br />
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Such was the case for my mother. Mam recalled that when she was a very young child, her father Patrick would take all his children on visits to a family whose surname she believed was Pells. These jaunts to the home of the Pells were something my mam and her siblings excitedly anticipated. Although she did not know the exact nature of the relationship between the two families, my mother did recall some details about the family and the home in which they lived.<br />
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Visiting the Pells usually meant spending tea time with them, as they lived a long walk away from Ringsend. In fine weather the family would travel along the Liffey quays, delighting in all the sights of busy Dublin City. When they arrived at the Pells, there would be warm embraces from the mother and father of the household, greeting each child as they passed through the doorway of the little dove grey cottage on Liffey Street. When the tea was presented, it was with thick slices of warm bread slathered in creamy butter. There was the tiny table laid out especially for the children by the Pells' beautiful adult daughter, Rosanna, a girl with perfect posture who wore her mass of auburn hair piled high upon her head.<br />
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At the forefront of my mother's recollections of these wonderful visits was a photograph that enthralled her. In a beautiful dark wood frame, trimmed with a ribbon of black crepe, the picture hung above a side board in the front room. It was a portrait of a handsome young man in the uniform of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, a tender looking man with an open face and bright clear eyes, a young man with the same perfect posture as Rosanna, a young man about whom no one ever uttered a word. </div>
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When my mother was still very young, the family visits to the little dove grey cottage inexplicably ended, and the family, together their name, was forgotten for a long time. Their name re-emerged during a conversation I had with my mother a few months before she died. Mam recollected those lovely childhood visits and that intriguing portrait of the handsome young soldier. She felt sure their surname was Pells, spelled P-E-L-L-S.<br />
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While following a thread in the line of my maternal great-grandmother Jane Early, I discovered the surname is Pell, not Pells. The error is an understandable one, given that a visit to the family was probably preceded by the explanation, 'We're going to the Pells'; one Pell becomes all Pells. Also, I learned that Mrs. Teresa Pell had died in 1939 and Mr. John Pell had passed in 1943, thus the probable reason for the end of my mam's childhood visits. Better still, I uncovered the likely identity of the young man in the photograph.<br />
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William Francis Pell was born in Dublin Ireland on 8 September, 1891. He was the second born child, and first born son, of Teresa Early and John Pell. Teresa Early Pell was the youngest sister of my maternal great-grandmother, Jane Early Ball. At various times in the late 19th and early 20th century, the two sisters and their respective families lived together. William's first cousin, my grandfather Patrick Ball, was six years old when William was born.<br />
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The Pell family in toto appears on the <a href="http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/reels/nai003702022/">1901 Irish Census</a>; William is notably absent from the <a href="http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/reels/nai000130124/">1911 Irish Census</a>. He may have already been serving with the Royal Dublin Fusiliers (RDF); however, I have not yet found evidence to support such a conclusion.</div>
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William Pell served in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Dublin Fusiliers, as part of the 10th Brigade, 4th Division; his regimental number was 8328. Thankfully, over the years, I have been able to find some military records for young William, including the diaries of his battalion, William's medal card, the casualty list for his battalion, the Personal Effects Registry in which he is mentioned, and his entry in Ireland's Memorial Records, and I have been fortunate to visit his grave in Belgium.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitWcke7fwigDEPgs1gWUqkMf2Bm-ZWtGSiYpoolozJ9uGR3rF8zSDmhkrKIWl93wRmfVw22EOlVSl8tBDt-NftiO1Wzm_4FUkqYdqlLWZETSuiGAgdL_geiiGcwn5QiW9qpyECFf9SYIxw/s1600/fullsizeoutput_953f.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitWcke7fwigDEPgs1gWUqkMf2Bm-ZWtGSiYpoolozJ9uGR3rF8zSDmhkrKIWl93wRmfVw22EOlVSl8tBDt-NftiO1Wzm_4FUkqYdqlLWZETSuiGAgdL_geiiGcwn5QiW9qpyECFf9SYIxw/s400/fullsizeoutput_953f.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
Upon enlisting, William served in the rank of Private; however, both the casualty list and William's gravestone attest to the fact that he held the rank of Lance Corporal when he was killed. Other casualties among the ranks may have led to this 'promotion' or appointment. No matter the reason for this promotion, it meant that less than 3 months before his death, this young man was in command of a section of his battalion.<br />
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The war diaries of the 2nd Battalion, RDF, composed by their commander Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Loveband tell us that everyday from 9 October 1914 — the date William officially entered the theatre of war — as the battalion marched from Pisseleux to Hazebrouck, Sylvestre, Fontaine, Meteren, to Armentieres, on to Frelinghein, and on into Belgium, they faced heavy shelling, reverse fire and sniper fire. Every single day soldiers were killed or wounded <sup><span style="color: blue;">1</span></sup>.<br />
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On 24 Oct the brigade waited all day for a general attack by the 6th army, an attack that never came. It was on this day that William chose to write out his last will and testament on a page in his 'Small Book'.<sup><span style="color: blue;">2</span></sup> After all he and his comrades had been through, perhaps William had a presentiment that he was not long for this world. The rest of October saw a couple of quiet days. On 29 October the diarist Loveband noted it was a fairly cold and wet, but quiet day. The decision was made to build another trench.<br />
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November was marked by bitter cold, snow and icy rain, along with shelling and heavy sniper fire. On 22 November they marched to Nieppe where they were billeted. The only bright spot in these difficult months emerged at Nieppe, where the men were finally allowed to bathe. In a local brewery, the huge vats were filled with hot water so they could bathe. The soldiers were allowed to strip down and jump in en masse. While they bathed, local women repaired any uniforms in need of new seams or a stitch or two. Afterward they were issued clean underwear, and feeling refreshed, they happily marched to their billets on the outskirts of Armentieres.<sup><span style="color: blue;">3</span></sup><br />
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December brought more of the terror that November had brought, and with little respite.<br />
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7 January 1915 was a miserable day. It had snowed the day before and was bitter cold. On the 7th it rained all day long in trenches that were already in very poor condition. The enemy shelled the left trench rather more than usual on that particular day, and engaged in significant sniper fire. It was on this day that young William was killed; he was the only casualty in his brigade.</div>
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In an extraordinary coincidence, William Francis Pell is interred in Prowse Point Military Cemetery in Belgium, the same cemetery in which my <b>paternal</b> great-grandmother's brother William Dunne is interred. They are two among a total of only two hundred and twenty-five interred, and their graves are only a few metres away from one another. I do not know how well William Pell and William Dunne knew each other, if at all. Their families were not yet connected, and would not be for some forty years to come. (See ...<a href="https://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.com/2013/09/william-dunne-william-pell-following.html">Following the road of my two Williams</a>)<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK3iEoMcQZJ-Bq_92-dFwa6tOh6ND9ndvzRZFFPti9qZSAHU0tUR3hIMppO1CYV-NtFnj8QYNgMWgmaMO3cbvOn8F2UOB5bkHQ3n01vdha_wnHTJbyXG-SJaAytyvEeJMi4cLgLwb6UIor/s1600/fullsizeoutput_9545.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1355" data-original-width="1600" height="540" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK3iEoMcQZJ-Bq_92-dFwa6tOh6ND9ndvzRZFFPti9qZSAHU0tUR3hIMppO1CYV-NtFnj8QYNgMWgmaMO3cbvOn8F2UOB5bkHQ3n01vdha_wnHTJbyXG-SJaAytyvEeJMi4cLgLwb6UIor/s640/fullsizeoutput_9545.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William Pell's grave marker, caressed by a rose.</td></tr>
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According to his medal card, William Pell was awarded the 1914 Star, the Victory Medal, and the British War Medal. The card bears the telling phrase 'K. in A.', the benign way of noting that he was killed in action. The medals card also states his qualification date as 9 October 1914. As I noted earlier, t<span style="text-align: start;">his is the date on which William first entered the theatre of war, just three months before his death. The medals would have been sent to his family.</span><br />
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At the time of William's death, the Pell family was living in the little dove grey cottage on Liffey Street, the home my mam visited when she was a child. Although there is no slip of paper bearing the signature of his mother or his father for receipt of those medals at their door, I wonder what that day was like when those medals arrived, and just when it was that the Pell family added the ribbon of black crepe to the portrait of their handsome young man.<br />
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In July of 1915, William’s mother Teresa was sent his personal effects comprising £5. 1s. 6d (read 5 pounds, 1 shilling and 6 pence). In June of 1919, Teresa was sent a war gratuity of £3.<sup><span style="color: blue;">4</span></sup> Less than £10 for the life of her beautiful boy, William, lost to her when he was only 23 years old.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdfvKMDLNNLLr_BCQD9AOGl744XI-YQm8-BnspabiqLX9KwELMLbN2ViVX9NPPcfFj-7OPnBJor06VgrGl-eYkru1v5sK5ecRHtOy0Yto-GG6TMjFGcFnRQaImO2XJ3UcGWMmePh8N5nwf/s1600/fullsizeoutput_9538.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1044" data-original-width="1600" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdfvKMDLNNLLr_BCQD9AOGl744XI-YQm8-BnspabiqLX9KwELMLbN2ViVX9NPPcfFj-7OPnBJor06VgrGl-eYkru1v5sK5ecRHtOy0Yto-GG6TMjFGcFnRQaImO2XJ3UcGWMmePh8N5nwf/s640/fullsizeoutput_9538.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some of records that helped to fill out William's story.</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzaDis3V_gfttGonuyta2zHkjcL91-2WpSt6aSCx1p3R-PV4opYHOHuplFDTH4M9uL1ShoWdfpZSn1XaCrWVSyYL43iGbS83tSuURw1gtRlBS6yUwNt2Nm3Ql8zxD-lHTZpPgLVo8oubqN/s1600/fullsizeoutput_9541.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1229" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzaDis3V_gfttGonuyta2zHkjcL91-2WpSt6aSCx1p3R-PV4opYHOHuplFDTH4M9uL1ShoWdfpZSn1XaCrWVSyYL43iGbS83tSuURw1gtRlBS6yUwNt2Nm3Ql8zxD-lHTZpPgLVo8oubqN/s640/fullsizeoutput_9541.jpeg" width="489" /></a></div>
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<u>Endnotes:</u><br />
<span style="text-align: start;"><br />
</span> <span style="text-align: start;">1. National Archives UK (NAUK)</span>; Kew, London, England: reference WO 95/1481/4: War Diaries 2nd Battalion, Royal Dublin Fusiliers, August 1914 - Oct 1916. (Accessed Sept. 2012)<br />
<span style="text-align: start;"><br />
</span> <span style="text-align: start;">2. Each man who served in the British Forces during the First World War was given what was referred to as a Small Book. All of the regulations of the branch in which these men served were laid out, chapter and verse, on the pages of this little book. There were also blank pages on which the soldiers could record information about the details of their training. Among these blank pages was the one entitled ‘Will’. When a soldier was called to active duty, this completed page usually would be given to his local army office. Sometimes the will page was not removed from his book until after his death, and some of these pages no longer exist at all. Although over 35,000 Irishmen were killed during the First World War, only 9,000 of their wills are extant.</span><br />
<span style="text-align: start;"><br />
</span> <span style="text-align: start;">3. </span>National Archives UK (NAUK); Kew, London, England: reference WO 95/1481/4: War Diaries 2nd Battalion, Royal Dublin Fusiliers, August 1914 - Oct 1916. (Accessed Sept. 2012)<br />
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4. National Army Museum; Chelsea, London, England; Soldiers' Effects Records, 1915; Pell, William/ Personal Effects, entry #153041. (Accessed Sept. 2012).</div>
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Click on photographs to view larger version.<br />
Unless otherwise credited, all photographs ©jgg.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-18802111616292510572019-02-06T05:08:00.000+00:002019-02-06T05:08:24.973+00:00Stepping into the Looking Glass: Reflections of ourselves in our family trees<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jfdsA35h2AI/USpxFH21e8I/AAAAAAAAGig/YAgLtjYkw-A/s1600/IMG_0922.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jfdsA35h2AI/USpxFH21e8I/AAAAAAAAGig/YAgLtjYkw-A/s400/IMG_0922.JPG" width="362" /></a></div>
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This is a post about questions, rather than answers, but I believe they are questions worthy of contemplation.</div>
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In the whole of your life if you never saw an image of yourself, would you wholly know who you are? What would your perceptions of yourself be?</div>
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These questions were inspired by a late 19th century image in Aoife O'Connor's book <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2012/11/small-lives-photographs-of-irish.html">Small Lives</a>, an image in which a group of farm children from Connemara Ireland are pictured <a href="http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000230603">(See the photos here: NLI Tuke Collection)</a>. The photographer, Major Ruttledge-Fair, showed the children a copy of a photograph in which they appear. While the children pictured could easily point out their friends in the photograph, they did not recognize themselves in the image. Fair accounted for this lack of recognition saying,</div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">"[The children] know each other at once, but not one recognises himself or herself never having seen that same — looking glasses being unknown." </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">(O'Connor 26)</span></span></i></div>
<i><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></i> <br />
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Those of us who are blessed with eyesight are accustomed to the image in the looking glass each morning, even as that image changes over time. Even without a mirror in the house, like Narcissus, at some point we might find an obliging pond that would reflect back a wavy and watery shape which we would probably recognize as our individual self. Also, for better or worse, we receive 'reflections' of ourselves from friends and family who let us know how we look from their perspective — pale, ruddy, fat, thin, happy, sad — and who they believe we are — brilliant or stupid, succinct or verbose, creative or unimaginative, compassionate or indifferent, and many other things along the continuum between these extremes.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><i><b>Are we not also reflected through the optic of our family history?</b></i></span></div>
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This works on two levels.</div>
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First, whose stories do we choose to share, and whose do we leave untended? What do those choices say about us as individuals?</div>
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Second, in whom do we see ourselves reflected? Which ancestor or relative do we most resemble, be it in the way that he/she looked, or how we imagine their visage, his/her manner of comportment, or the life he/she led?</div>
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Many identify with ancestors who emerged as heroes, whether in the battles fought in wars, or as workers for social justice, or in simply raising the fortunes of the family. However, is it perhaps too easy to see ourselves in the heroes? What if you found someone on your family tree who ended up in a workhouse? Would you be willing and able to see any part of that individual in yourself?</div>
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Some of us have ancestors and relatives who have suffered from mental illness. Can we see ourselves reflected in them? Are we able to tell their stories or are they kept under wraps?</div>
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As you look at your family tree, with whom do you truly have the most in common?</div>
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Who do you believe you would like most of all, and who would you honestly admit disliking? </div>
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With whom could you see yourself arguing, and upon whom can you see yourself heaping praise?</div>
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<i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">If you stepped inside the looking glass and down into your family tree in whom would you see yourself reflected?</span></b></i></div>
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Think about it.</div>
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Copyright©jgg2019.<br />
This post previously appeared in February 2013.<br />
Click on image to view larger version.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-52777196303728813042017-03-11T05:08:00.000+00:002019-02-02T17:08:21.412+00:00Hands of History<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TFlNtlUjZfI/AAAAAAAABYs/fqlGu-wRp2g/s1600/0306300416381hands_of_dad_t.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TFlNtlUjZfI/AAAAAAAABYs/fqlGu-wRp2g/s200/0306300416381hands_of_time_t.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Ever since I was a very young child I have been attracted to people's hands. I recall watching my father's hands whenever he would describe something. His fingers, long and lithe, were weathered from years of hard work, yet the fingernails were perfectly oval and smooth, like polished pebbles on the beach at Dingle bay. </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TFm8aCwUVII/AAAAAAAABZU/9dChTQpl88Y/s1600/P8040031.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TFm8aCwUVII/AAAAAAAABZU/9dChTQpl88Y/s200/P8040031.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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I loved my mother's hands, the way she would articulate her fingers when she was speaking, the way her hands held parcels, or folded linens.<br />
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As I age, my hands are beginning to resemble those of my mother, so much so that sometimes I 'see' my mother in the movements of my hands, when I open a door or pat someone on the shoulder. In a strange way it is as though a part of her is with me.</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TFlN0X8oAEI/AAAAAAAABY0/JL1bSA-lG8M/s1600/0303280534131annie_s-hands_t.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Alz7J5YDSc4/TFlN0X8oAEI/AAAAAAAABY0/JL1bSA-lG8M/s200/0303280534131mom_s-hands_t.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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On the hands of the very old, their skin is often loose and wrinkly, and it has a sort of translucence to it so that you can see the blues and reds of the veins and capillaries making their way ever closer to the surface. The fingers of old hands may be slightly crooked from arthritis or injury, but for me they represent history. I imagine the work those hands have done, the documents they have signed, perhaps to defy a colonizer and found a country, or more simply to sign a note, witness a marriage, or buy a home. Whose hands have they held tight?</div>
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Whenever I look at photographs I look at the hands of the individuals in them and think about what those hands mean.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilOqiHVoIWLoRiK6yKwEOMNb8T-VzSCXrV-h15TkwOqzdKD5RmOF8QTfvG4aE_yYDuEBm8EzIVisdoojTpf2wkzOyxIXXO7rhyphenhyphenCj55U3T6ybs1gKcsaBLAfiMwbwzvaSV_S7RucmFNVfcg/s1600/IMG_0550_2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilOqiHVoIWLoRiK6yKwEOMNb8T-VzSCXrV-h15TkwOqzdKD5RmOF8QTfvG4aE_yYDuEBm8EzIVisdoojTpf2wkzOyxIXXO7rhyphenhyphenCj55U3T6ybs1gKcsaBLAfiMwbwzvaSV_S7RucmFNVfcg/s200/IMG_0550_2.JPG" width="264" /></a></div>
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The image on the right is clipped from a larger photograph of my maternal grandparents and their sons. In it my maternal grandmother, Mary Fitzpatrick Ball, is holding her youngest child Tom, her hands are drawn together, supporting him on her lap. A few short months after this photo was taken Tom was dead and those hands wrapped him in swaddling clothes for burial.</div>
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Hands connect us and draw us together. Hands protect us, and sometimes push us apart. When you are first introduced to someone you can tell so much just by looking at their hands. On an elderly person they are usually weathered and aged, marked by the daily living of a long life, while on an infant they are smooth, soft and unblemished, so full of possibility.</div>
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©irisheyesjggÉire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-76716754193158007482016-04-28T05:08:00.000+01:002019-02-03T18:32:52.660+00:00Travel Thursday: The Sacred Site of Clonmacnoise<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5MHfQugvAwZuP1RL7AqsCzKVdDDR8GGH-5RlVdyxZFZTQayqDr2uqme8wi88Td7530C_ZKcbY1mpYT3KvEe69Nly1DO0sA4qB92BJHe_F2dYw-hGL_ZLoyZ7UsQ9WfypEaWqdemylntH8/s1600/FullSizeRender.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5MHfQugvAwZuP1RL7AqsCzKVdDDR8GGH-5RlVdyxZFZTQayqDr2uqme8wi88Td7530C_ZKcbY1mpYT3KvEe69Nly1DO0sA4qB92BJHe_F2dYw-hGL_ZLoyZ7UsQ9WfypEaWqdemylntH8/s640/FullSizeRender.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On the grounds of Clonmacnoise.</td></tr>
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For many of us who search for evidence of ancestors, rarely are we able to cite the location of a found ancestor in a monastic settlement. Nevertheless, depending on where our ancestors settled on the island of Ireland, and how far back in time their homesteads were established, some among us may be able to count an ancestor or two among those interred on the grounds of these sacred sites. Sadly, I cannot count myself among those lucky souls. Still in all, I find early Christian settlements fascinating, and muse that perhaps one day I shall learn of an ancient ancestor or relative interred among the ruins.</div>
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Recently I revisited two monastic sites— Monasterboice in County Louth, near Drogheda (founded in the late 5th century by Saint Buithe) and Clonmacnoise in County Offaly on the River Shannon (founded in 544 by St Ciarán Mac a tsar). The sites are approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) apart via good roads. Thankfully, the rain held off and the drive was uneventful. Today's post features images from my visit to Clonmacnoise.<br />
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Clonmacnoise is the much larger of the two, and is said to have been more like a small town than a monastic settlement — it is estimated that in the 11th century between 1,500 and 2,000 people lived here. Unlike other monastic settlements, there was a significant lay population living and working here. All of the domestic buildings were constructed of timber, so none remain, but traces of them have been found during archaeological excavation.<br />
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There are remarkable similarities between Clonmacnoise and Monasterboice, with respect to not only the structures, but also the High crosses, replete with carved figures said to have been used to illustrate biblical stories and the history of Christ. Such similarities between the sites give you a sense of the efforts made so very long ago to spread Christianity across the untamed wilderness of Ireland.<br />
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<u><span style="font-size: large;">Clonmacnoise</span></u></div>
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Perhaps it is its place on the edge of the River Shannon, or the fact that within the grounds of the settlement there are so many markers of lives once lived in this community, but the spirit of this place is palpable.<br />
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On his visit to Ireland in 1979 Pope John Paul II made it a point to include Clonmacnoise in his itinerary. Upon his return to Rome he reportedly said, "I will never forget that place ... the ruins of the monastery and churches speak of the life that once pulsated there. Whole generations of Europe owe to them the light of the Gospel. These ruins are still charged with a great mission. They still constitute a challenge."<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVTC3yO2BGB7gdkAtvCGBKixAhjBDVBVOvF0NXw4qo-JTJObIhmlwq8_TAgxEuNNOugvGQ-YkRXDb_GAaBPWH-2NTBaaQQYRtfdw6ze4eBfFWA9un8tiyCZfytGIXYyb2X5KcCd9lu1lXG/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+1+%25282016-04-26-1717%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVTC3yO2BGB7gdkAtvCGBKixAhjBDVBVOvF0NXw4qo-JTJObIhmlwq8_TAgxEuNNOugvGQ-YkRXDb_GAaBPWH-2NTBaaQQYRtfdw6ze4eBfFWA9un8tiyCZfytGIXYyb2X5KcCd9lu1lXG/s640/Watermarked+Photo+1+%25282016-04-26-1717%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From the hillside looking toward the River Shannon.<br />
Between the 6th and the 13 centuries, the grounds between the buildings were used for burials.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicWMx04LQdAMQvWXbq58k_5EZiZ7e13DQYJnn7D6L9V2vw2XqusVXHbegANUb_Uzcd495j17Uv5zP-dWIRMnr-b3rdY7_S71Y8BOrMn_9PBA52KMqKpj8UVxFf_v2ES1-s9TPNr61nRIC-/s1600/FullSizeRender.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicWMx04LQdAMQvWXbq58k_5EZiZ7e13DQYJnn7D6L9V2vw2XqusVXHbegANUb_Uzcd495j17Uv5zP-dWIRMnr-b3rdY7_S71Y8BOrMn_9PBA52KMqKpj8UVxFf_v2ES1-s9TPNr61nRIC-/s640/FullSizeRender.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Temple Connor: Also called the Little Church,<br />
it has been roofed and used by the Church of Ireland since the 18th century.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBKFqi4OHdTzbPXdhPqgdc4EvAvBqtUfqmLKaWzVnwzwzBdaDOXIjwrRF5QD5C1Vn5RKwDsG_Gne9aD7fYDHH8GgggYa_V7etGrwzd-oHFejCiQKJzwQ8_w_CXLoLJqYW_9D611KwfWEFx/s1600/FullSizeRender.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBKFqi4OHdTzbPXdhPqgdc4EvAvBqtUfqmLKaWzVnwzwzBdaDOXIjwrRF5QD5C1Vn5RKwDsG_Gne9aD7fYDHH8GgggYa_V7etGrwzd-oHFejCiQKJzwQ8_w_CXLoLJqYW_9D611KwfWEFx/s640/FullSizeRender.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Temple Finghin with its round tower.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEdOke5q42TcLR-jw0DHQ9X7Lwub6uEhlXrHpbJIsbDMBiTA1zGDvv46g6y-PIZt-wZYF4F5j1aj6d-Dnsa7PPZ6FTUNi6FtRBtoX4-2P3EaBeOt-paFcQ2te65DnmT-qyKpcs0dZ79UQZ/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+30+%25282016-04-25-1607%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEdOke5q42TcLR-jw0DHQ9X7Lwub6uEhlXrHpbJIsbDMBiTA1zGDvv46g6y-PIZt-wZYF4F5j1aj6d-Dnsa7PPZ6FTUNi6FtRBtoX4-2P3EaBeOt-paFcQ2te65DnmT-qyKpcs0dZ79UQZ/s640/Watermarked+Photo+30+%25282016-04-25-1607%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Looking toward the round tower of Temple Finghin from the ruins of the Cathedral.<br />
The Cathedral dates to 909, with the main entryway replaced around the year 1200.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA1D8d2_6-dUw1-3Bi6HxBIIpNVBTvMS_1CgPw2JTzE0N1yWQUOfhCBNVC1e1kUNXEDw0dst_u01ECSFMKWVLMhfIERweYQLMDgK09gD7jAZ4FMoRr62v3qy5vwAbWBn897zn3IulKcoru/s1600/FullSizeRender.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA1D8d2_6-dUw1-3Bi6HxBIIpNVBTvMS_1CgPw2JTzE0N1yWQUOfhCBNVC1e1kUNXEDw0dst_u01ECSFMKWVLMhfIERweYQLMDgK09gD7jAZ4FMoRr62v3qy5vwAbWBn897zn3IulKcoru/s640/FullSizeRender.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In front of the ruins of the Cathedral, a replica of the Cross of the Scriptures,<br />
placed outside where the original cross once stood<br />
when the original was brought into the museum to protect it.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxlD2ttVTRrMSIC7AkDO-01lBmjSl6AIQabgNpejKLvIBpd0vhgHNX3DM-s8URQi17D4LH9ObdDso85ymdhrR3uA0buzoduvvDk_U2h_oPBBKJp34zEJkBMuo0aOw7uzZ3Tt7nPE17Cpp4/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+20+%25282016-04-25-1604%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxlD2ttVTRrMSIC7AkDO-01lBmjSl6AIQabgNpejKLvIBpd0vhgHNX3DM-s8URQi17D4LH9ObdDso85ymdhrR3uA0buzoduvvDk_U2h_oPBBKJp34zEJkBMuo0aOw7uzZ3Tt7nPE17Cpp4/s640/Watermarked+Photo+20+%25282016-04-25-1604%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The original Cross of the Scriptures. The shaft and the ringed head were<br />
crafted from a single piece of sandstone sometime around 900 AD.<br />
It stands 4 meters tall (13 ft). The stories depicted with the carved figures include<br />
The Crucifixion, the Last Judgement and Christ in the Tomb.<br />
As well, there are figures of ecclesiastics and King Flann depicted on the cross.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOYiKubVunk6Ki-6fpBYhlQSC2B5y12HioKDO_mLcAqAdkzljYkSTDC7pqE55PhBSEgzXsOS_hyphenhyphen4LorAFodLCvXY9jrozH0iVRbbIKnI72nneSfR_9pru9r5pzay4I3YMimArhccbt062e/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+4+%25282016-04-26-1717%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOYiKubVunk6Ki-6fpBYhlQSC2B5y12HioKDO_mLcAqAdkzljYkSTDC7pqE55PhBSEgzXsOS_hyphenhyphen4LorAFodLCvXY9jrozH0iVRbbIKnI72nneSfR_9pru9r5pzay4I3YMimArhccbt062e/s640/Watermarked+Photo+4+%25282016-04-26-1717%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One out of a large collection of burial slabs which date from the 8th to the 12th century.<br />
These are now inside the onsite museum in order to protect and preserve them.<br />
The inscription reads: ‘OROIT AR THURCAIN LASANDERNAD IN(C)ROSSA’<br />
In English: ‘A prayer for Turcain by whom this cross was made.’</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLScTqcGOQg0nLM8HCBb15wILikjcOIg_pRjAwuW1eTwVmoEx5v1LdiN6c00UPx4lW6mna0aZddLyMuXi27hKhI3VgkBn2IDzRsi7zceIcRFcNzu3a57LZjuqhip6qHewAvrtSX8DUCP25/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+5+%25282016-04-26-1718%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLScTqcGOQg0nLM8HCBb15wILikjcOIg_pRjAwuW1eTwVmoEx5v1LdiN6c00UPx4lW6mna0aZddLyMuXi27hKhI3VgkBn2IDzRsi7zceIcRFcNzu3a57LZjuqhip6qHewAvrtSX8DUCP25/s640/Watermarked+Photo+5+%25282016-04-26-1718%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A burial slab. The inscription reads:<br />
'OR DO THUATHAL SAER',<br />
in English: 'A prayer for Tuathal the craftsman'.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9hObd-nfLNckFhooLmG2b9HZ6DAU7uNtkcGpi5hvBvKLX2V1C2xwc52C8z24VjdAcZROTdfEFv5Oxuo-9EWK6C4ans1SlaY3GuflTqJg-n6LbNOPORNckalKJxz7RUqenn_a__mDWnAXq/s1600/FullSizeRender.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9hObd-nfLNckFhooLmG2b9HZ6DAU7uNtkcGpi5hvBvKLX2V1C2xwc52C8z24VjdAcZROTdfEFv5Oxuo-9EWK6C4ans1SlaY3GuflTqJg-n6LbNOPORNckalKJxz7RUqenn_a__mDWnAXq/s640/FullSizeRender.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clonmacnoise Castle: dating to the 13th century, it was plundered on many occasions, <br />
including one last time in 1552, when English soldiers from an Athlone garrison reduced it to a ruin, <br />
carrying away what they could and destroying the rest.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkU7pgQtFJ96YYqTB-XeKsdI11HDgNsgApQoXJOXbmmr4495eCgobsS42Y_vsQPMADCFZzhzFEXuXISbbFRrGs3j1sdH-U1tGAMp6s441MIpCFM5YYctRP6krV7qJXZUYtmHLRn_tTGhLX/s1600/FullSizeRender.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkU7pgQtFJ96YYqTB-XeKsdI11HDgNsgApQoXJOXbmmr4495eCgobsS42Y_vsQPMADCFZzhzFEXuXISbbFRrGs3j1sdH-U1tGAMp6s441MIpCFM5YYctRP6krV7qJXZUYtmHLRn_tTGhLX/s640/FullSizeRender.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 'New' Cemetery beyond the walls of Clonmacnoise.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
©irisheyesjgg. All Rights Reserved.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-37406630076275041092016-04-26T05:08:00.001+01:002019-02-03T18:36:10.006+00:00Tuesday's Tip: 'Grandpa was in the G.P.O': did he apply for a pension & a medal?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB5bFT6biEBdwpc39GKZTKrj-WJ4SoJPkeS3cvIwIW8SVg4HUNR4qfv93TCK3Oo936B-HvCoBMK5wEkERqX3nC3dRbGDgZfyIJodaXrX8vmOt957L6gjCFQKUMElNlfDx2viIaZ4Xz5Pya/s1600/Army+Pension+Act+1923+doc..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Irish History 1916-1923; Military Pension Records & Medals" border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB5bFT6biEBdwpc39GKZTKrj-WJ4SoJPkeS3cvIwIW8SVg4HUNR4qfv93TCK3Oo936B-HvCoBMK5wEkERqX3nC3dRbGDgZfyIJodaXrX8vmOt957L6gjCFQKUMElNlfDx2viIaZ4Xz5Pya/s1600/Army+Pension+Act+1923+doc..jpg" title="Irish History 1916-1923; Military Pension Records & Medals" width="248" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One page of a lengthy application <br />
for a dependant's allowance for a<br />
member of my family.<br />
(Information has been redacted)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In Ireland, 2016 has seen the marking of <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2016/04/24-april-1916-easter-rising-irish.html">the 100th Anniversary of the 1916 Easter Rising</a>. In addition to the commemorations of this landmark rebellion, the government has seen fit to release medals records for those who served in the Rising, (as well as the War of Independence). If you suspect any members of your family were among those in the battalions who played a role in the Rising, then you may want to visit the <a href="http://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/military-service-pensions-collection-1916-1923">pension and medals records collections</a> web page of the Bureau of Military History Archives.<br />
<br />
When it comes to the history of the 1916 Easter Rising, it sometimes seems as though every Tom, Dick and Harry claims one of their relatives was in the General Post Office (G.P.O) in Dublin during the Rising. However, there were many sites across Dublin, including The Four Courts, North King Street, St. Stephen’s Green, Liberty Hall, Jacob’s Factory and the Royal College of Surgeons, among others, as well as a few sites outside the Capital, including Cork and Mayo, where insurgents set in to battle the British.<br />
<br />
All those laying claim to family history in the independence movement, no matter where their relatives fought, may finally have proof of their service, because of the extraordinary collection of military pension files which was first launched online in January of 2014, and the complete medals files which was released online today.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
If one of your ancestors or relatives participated in the 1916 Easter Rising and/or the Irish War of Independence, and that individual or his/her dependants applied for a military pension and/or a medal for service, these records may provide you with evidence of his/her participation.<br />
<br />
The military pension collection comprises the applications of over 60,000 individuals. Pension records for those <b>only involved in the War of Independence and/or the Civil War </b>are not currently online. However, the first part of the pension application collection, which is concerned with those involved in the 1916 Easter Rising, is available via the fully searchable <a href="http://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/military-service-pensions-collection-1916-1923">Military Service Pensions Collection</a>. The medals collection includes the War of Independence.<br />
<br />
To mark the official opening of the new Military Archives building at Cathal Brugha base on Tuesday 26 April, the Department of Defence has released the files of 47, 554 applicants for <b>the 1916 Medal and The 1917-1921 Service Medal</b>. In all 66, 174 Medals applications and related files are being released via the Military Archives. You can search for a record of your family member's medal via this page --> <a href="http://www.militaryarchives.ie/collections/online-collections/military-service-pensions-collection-1916-1923/search-the-collection/medals-series">Medal Applications Files</a>. This page also gives access to the Organisation and Membership files of the independence movement, including the IRA Membership Series, the IRA Brigade Activity Files, the Cumann na mBan (The Women’s Branch of the Irish Volunteers) Series, The Fianna Éireann Series and the Irish Citizen Army Activities Files. A wealth of information.<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">A caveat:</span></b><br />
<br />
If you believe you have a family member or family members who served during the Easter Rising, the Irish War of Independence and/or the Irish Civil War, <b>but</b> they (or their dependents) did not apply for either a medal or a military pension or a widow/dependent pension, then you <b>will not</b> find their name/names in the pension/medals records. The Irish government did not simply award pensions and medals to persons whom they believed had served in these conflicts. Instead, those individuals had to go through a petitioning process, beginning with a lengthy application on which the applicant had to fully outline the particulars of their service covering the period for which they were claiming a pension and/or medal.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>The pension application process:</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPBu7ifnlw9kkeiJVxyZrxBOd2o6rHRz-Myb-Zv-eoDBZrdeHBWAyhblOYndUGT03Qk8nkO8CJ79NGkdkvMB0tEor1jZ3VW-WMmrxKEEKcMlgBgVO8dODC9lnK54NoPzMVvc5aOyXwjwMJ/s1600/Army+Pension+Act+1923+doc.+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Irish History 1916-1923; Military Pension Records & Medals" border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPBu7ifnlw9kkeiJVxyZrxBOd2o6rHRz-Myb-Zv-eoDBZrdeHBWAyhblOYndUGT03Qk8nkO8CJ79NGkdkvMB0tEor1jZ3VW-WMmrxKEEKcMlgBgVO8dODC9lnK54NoPzMVvc5aOyXwjwMJ/s1600/Army+Pension+Act+1923+doc.+1.jpg" title="Irish History 1916-1923; Military Pension Records & Medals" width="271" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One page of a lengthy application<br />
for my grandmother's military service pension.<br />
(Information has been redacted.)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In 1923, the first in a series of legislation was passed by the government of Saorstát Éireann, the Irish Free State, for the founding of a pension system intended to recognise and compensate those who fought for the freedom of Ireland.<br />
<br />
Pension applications for service during the Easter Rising, the Irish War of Independence and/or the Irish Civil War were made in the period from 1924 to 1949. These applications were adjudicated by a panel of referees.<br />
<br />
The applications were viewed as 'statements of claim’. In effect people could assert whatever they liked with respect to the details of their service. However, the individual applicant had to provide proof of that service and of those claims, so a pension application had to be accompanied by sworn affidavits made by witnesses attesting to the veracity of an individual's assertions. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Persons deemed acceptable to serve as witnesses included commanding officers, comrades with proof of their own service, as well as other high ranking officials. Also, despite the inclusion of letters of affidavit, a pension applicant was not always given full credit for what he/she was claiming. An individual could claim to have served with the I.R.A. for years but, based on the affidavits of others, as well as the judgment of the referees, he/she may have been denied their pension claim entirely, or had it significantly altered.<br />
<br />
Originally, the rules governing the release of the military pension records permitted only next-of-kin access to the pension application form, and letters from the applicant. The release of pension and medals records has not only opened up access to all, but the files which were released include items to which even next-of-kin were not previously given access. These include such documents as letters of affidavit submitted in support of the application, notes produced by those judging the application, and other notes, maps, and/or letters germane to the file.<br />
<br />
For those of us who have family members who served, and who were vetted through the application process, access to these previously unreleased materials gives us a more complete picture of what life was like for them during this period.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Do you have a family member or family members </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">who served in the Irish independence movement?</span></b></div>
<br />
See also: <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2016/03/records-of-military-service-of-irish.html">Records of the Military Service of Irish Soldiers, Volunteers & Freedom Fighters</a>.<br />
<br />
©irisheyesjgg2016. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-59609349481232951882016-04-24T05:08:00.001+01:002020-04-21T15:53:44.671+01:0024 April 1916: The Easter Rising: 'An Irish Republic has been declared': Commemorating 1916<div style="text-align: justify;">
Today, in recognition of the 100th anniversary of the 1916 Easter Rising, which began on 24 April 1916, I would like to share with you a select few of the many images I shot of the variety of ways in which the rebellion has been commemorated. All around Dublin — the principal site of the Rising — there have been parades, receptions, wreath laying ceremonies, artists' installations, and banners across buildings, as the Irish people have sought to honour those who fought for Irish freedom.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJzpvd0mSNhI-DBzjT9Q1Ifb44IAlVArnMpiJ2RrrPFhom419YjMpaerI8zzs3_ZrMKoHfowRud7JbLqMTKfV5HY2bWXwCvlv3WbaS0o9tuMO4Rri0uNDLcFCJoTsHeWB3DkxgSGW9kjvv/s1600/Arbour+Hill%252C+Wednesday+30+March%252C+2016.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJzpvd0mSNhI-DBzjT9Q1Ifb44IAlVArnMpiJ2RrrPFhom419YjMpaerI8zzs3_ZrMKoHfowRud7JbLqMTKfV5HY2bWXwCvlv3WbaS0o9tuMO4Rri0uNDLcFCJoTsHeWB3DkxgSGW9kjvv/s640/Arbour+Hill%252C+Wednesday+30+March%252C+2016.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On Wednesday 30 March I was honoured to attend a private wreath laying ceremony at Arbour Hill,<br />
the burial site of 14 of the executed leaders of the 1916 Rising.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPsWE7bnUECEOyhGbC5XDWut2I6U3OyWsPya49AnsaKpdv-E2ZGQKYYI1IHGjhJk0trvmHFN-bafaJzzp94bUfQLkN_snUDlRzdiYlQtUmbdp1VUXm_wUpvftupfirorYBXlVwEmsoCR6X/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+17+%25282016-04-23-1812%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPsWE7bnUECEOyhGbC5XDWut2I6U3OyWsPya49AnsaKpdv-E2ZGQKYYI1IHGjhJk0trvmHFN-bafaJzzp94bUfQLkN_snUDlRzdiYlQtUmbdp1VUXm_wUpvftupfirorYBXlVwEmsoCR6X/s640/Watermarked+Photo+17+%25282016-04-23-1812%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In front of the Joyce Library at UCD hangs this banner bearing the names of all those killed during the Rising.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSEPwK5XmYpsJPq_KIvCkEbl3yrehSiZv6IbUbajiIqPVEztMP5PO7WONkjSRSD3K2eoytxQ8cUSViVK84U4KNpnDkow2Xwm-uFFtMRdMNKNoGmrRucy9bZDEdF6nJ_LJ1pbwAFcTZrVlu/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+2+%25282016-04-23-1807%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSEPwK5XmYpsJPq_KIvCkEbl3yrehSiZv6IbUbajiIqPVEztMP5PO7WONkjSRSD3K2eoytxQ8cUSViVK84U4KNpnDkow2Xwm-uFFtMRdMNKNoGmrRucy9bZDEdF6nJ_LJ1pbwAFcTZrVlu/s640/Watermarked+Photo+2+%25282016-04-23-1807%2529.jpg" width="422" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Even Dublin bus shelters commemorate some of those involved in the Rising, U.C.D.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUhm3JJGZY-xtq76ovbvSF5Ptm80XsIgyDAX4TwOafD0nDQfCf7TNPioGmp5NWNFYmoMKzcjclRoKmhXw8vGtEpvs8n6ZAakR2j6Jvyv03S_NHo82OiAfwFg0sVcEwC3Djy53fxFHB0i3I/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+1+%25282016-04-23-1807%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUhm3JJGZY-xtq76ovbvSF5Ptm80XsIgyDAX4TwOafD0nDQfCf7TNPioGmp5NWNFYmoMKzcjclRoKmhXw8vGtEpvs8n6ZAakR2j6Jvyv03S_NHo82OiAfwFg0sVcEwC3Djy53fxFHB0i3I/s640/Watermarked+Photo+1+%25282016-04-23-1807%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On South Great St. George's Street, The Mercantile remembers the 7 signatories of the Proclamation.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjZtgZCj4MNhVXiwP574azBB5IX8y7GBQsGVo1XPt_uOdLQBGUnL2yUZNYjIDD28ekOnbXpVON_a04FNP1jdDb723za0e9PHYDsf9OjJtZmhKk5ERCrJ-KoVKZgs5AEuEFxy0h7378VuI-/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+5+%25282016-04-23-1808%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjZtgZCj4MNhVXiwP574azBB5IX8y7GBQsGVo1XPt_uOdLQBGUnL2yUZNYjIDD28ekOnbXpVON_a04FNP1jdDb723za0e9PHYDsf9OjJtZmhKk5ERCrJ-KoVKZgs5AEuEFxy0h7378VuI-/s640/Watermarked+Photo+5+%25282016-04-23-1808%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On South Great St. George's Street, Irish artist Gearoid O’Dea's mural depicting<br />
Countess Markievicz (left), Margaret Pearse (right) and Grace Gifford-Plunkett (bottom)<br />
honours the women who served during the Rising.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDAVauA7Z7eP6ZIP-_dj34XD1q-4P8qCs6orEWXa6i_R3hiBR3Cx11Mx1G87voJrBYR5bBoMk44L9MDWwN8n6kaS-P3EX5QpN_JezNJnbQEBq1MGqsajUKmlLve9F1b7NhOUklN3Ex9qCq/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+7+%25282016-04-23-1809%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDAVauA7Z7eP6ZIP-_dj34XD1q-4P8qCs6orEWXa6i_R3hiBR3Cx11Mx1G87voJrBYR5bBoMk44L9MDWwN8n6kaS-P3EX5QpN_JezNJnbQEBq1MGqsajUKmlLve9F1b7NhOUklN3Ex9qCq/s640/Watermarked+Photo+7+%25282016-04-23-1809%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Tapestry of 1916 enwraps the SIPTU building, Eden Quay, honouring James Connolly<br />
and all those who fought for Irish freedom.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh25vUjxhLbE0EVnsIdRhoV-8yZJs99tR3CwwNtAGbTjtBwt2GvOZK4j461CYeoLpYz_uyrMnlz11FZqXknMPNlnHHZDH9BrZRnWczWykHESzPSYnKZe-QYywBBJiOyK8K9LxACpvl0zhFC/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+8+%25282016-04-23-1809%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh25vUjxhLbE0EVnsIdRhoV-8yZJs99tR3CwwNtAGbTjtBwt2GvOZK4j461CYeoLpYz_uyrMnlz11FZqXknMPNlnHHZDH9BrZRnWczWykHESzPSYnKZe-QYywBBJiOyK8K9LxACpvl0zhFC/s640/Watermarked+Photo+8+%25282016-04-23-1809%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On Holy Saturday, 26 March, there was a parade from the SIPTU building in which participants marched in costume to<br />
remember those who fought in the Rising as part of the Irish Citizen Army.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfo5pv1VcjEPqavCMRdskC9ljB1nilpeeCeAITy7wMTQ3HQEHr3pQHJtazgpDRgbgwIGYE-cEvR6qMdFKKTMWWKb-DFef6UaFuR8PN-aqu5jTcpZVFGY3jaCLQzDaBxeXq5-ta59zySw2i/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+3+%25282016-04-23-1808%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="592" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfo5pv1VcjEPqavCMRdskC9ljB1nilpeeCeAITy7wMTQ3HQEHr3pQHJtazgpDRgbgwIGYE-cEvR6qMdFKKTMWWKb-DFef6UaFuR8PN-aqu5jTcpZVFGY3jaCLQzDaBxeXq5-ta59zySw2i/s640/Watermarked+Photo+3+%25282016-04-23-1808%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On a banner in Lusk, North County Dublin, Thomas Ashe is quoted and remembered as part of the Fingal Brigade.<span style="text-align: justify;"> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSqSq13dTHThPke6uOi9LNiYg1wDY1soVNfpQWkwK9EBPtUkX2Win88SG6D0kvieI6FgnGlJzpAqGoBMBdkWZtxCdWeAoBp8_Yq1v3IpgM-7fpsQMJJJrj1mkUII3RV2ovXCdWmg0EV5MF/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+9+%25282016-04-23-1809%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSqSq13dTHThPke6uOi9LNiYg1wDY1soVNfpQWkwK9EBPtUkX2Win88SG6D0kvieI6FgnGlJzpAqGoBMBdkWZtxCdWeAoBp8_Yq1v3IpgM-7fpsQMJJJrj1mkUII3RV2ovXCdWmg0EV5MF/s640/Watermarked+Photo+9+%25282016-04-23-1809%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Throughout the area delineating the reserved section for the Easter parade were banners such as this one.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFjErq0ue45dKtcIYs9c-r8E2lE29XxUj0O-7EITSr69tle_LiqEU0Gmo0eKJIDXVBZY5nR8qjwxcYffg8SCm3S1Ukv7FQyrtjiCvqQO_fPWIaNv1Udllql4vY7Q5IaeRt-2fDRinObtaM/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+10+%25282016-04-23-1809%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFjErq0ue45dKtcIYs9c-r8E2lE29XxUj0O-7EITSr69tle_LiqEU0Gmo0eKJIDXVBZY5nR8qjwxcYffg8SCm3S1Ukv7FQyrtjiCvqQO_fPWIaNv1Udllql4vY7Q5IaeRt-2fDRinObtaM/s640/Watermarked+Photo+10+%25282016-04-23-1809%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On Dawson Street, a banner featuring some of the persons <br />
portrayed in the e-book '1916 Portraits and Lives' (go to http://www.ireland.ie/portraits to<br />
<span style="text-align: justify;">download your free copy.) </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpbH0LDCBR8R5QFC9jhlxfRtdFpOeFAtDwzrHYge5us8y9qRbki05I3eiPs7fREouAxUXbbo3SV-7_Md2_MzNIjHt7K9x9PcOctIr5thOzJi5sUV5ptbvxysPxZ5rsXtvKvp009itRe15y/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+12+%25282016-04-23-1810%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpbH0LDCBR8R5QFC9jhlxfRtdFpOeFAtDwzrHYge5us8y9qRbki05I3eiPs7fREouAxUXbbo3SV-7_Md2_MzNIjHt7K9x9PcOctIr5thOzJi5sUV5ptbvxysPxZ5rsXtvKvp009itRe15y/s640/Watermarked+Photo+12+%25282016-04-23-1810%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On Dame Street a banner featuring Dr. Kathleen Lynn,<br />
Chief medical officer for the Irish Citizen Army during the Rising<br />
(and incidentally a gun runner in the weeks leading up to the Rising).</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj41UxFY4WqhEguRWN9xhHkwoa3hMqBFAcelNjQqDBt7Yz0_GnA6ICwi1pippRMU7fp3ITl-IDah_EgFdSJgQ6fyAwjTdA9g-00rCtXWVlNGTWQDVPot2mrqp_7yMia8W9XR7ckyQdSDf_G/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+13+%25282016-04-23-1811%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj41UxFY4WqhEguRWN9xhHkwoa3hMqBFAcelNjQqDBt7Yz0_GnA6ICwi1pippRMU7fp3ITl-IDah_EgFdSJgQ6fyAwjTdA9g-00rCtXWVlNGTWQDVPot2mrqp_7yMia8W9XR7ckyQdSDf_G/s640/Watermarked+Photo+13+%25282016-04-23-1811%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A banner on Dame Street featuring a photograph of some of the 77 women who served during the Rising.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjukTRUBMxbFXkPD_cteLEXHUbdA9_vIJKCGLJak_ymjZiW8uDcSFuPNfbZXItENNf5fbWoMyrAx5N4lx9gwzHVUdgWkJoFqrnLJJmRhFG6oj6efuhTT8fouIqkI0XuyD_JEIa13fXaITfI/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+14+%25282016-04-23-1811%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjukTRUBMxbFXkPD_cteLEXHUbdA9_vIJKCGLJak_ymjZiW8uDcSFuPNfbZXItENNf5fbWoMyrAx5N4lx9gwzHVUdgWkJoFqrnLJJmRhFG6oj6efuhTT8fouIqkI0XuyD_JEIa13fXaITfI/s640/Watermarked+Photo+14+%25282016-04-23-1811%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The original flag of the Irish Republic which was raised over the General Post Office on the morning of 24 April 1916.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr938fYlt7VTx5Ub2xSsR08eGlniwkPmy-g5xGFZAfigZbZ_dy-VCaUySXeg-qokEaAz5NJoyQ0uh9sVLXFqJ6A-8ipZS3f-8etI9-LlKkoMb1X3gABsX6OVeub802ftJ_TZGqTH0WROJZ/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+16+%25282016-04-23-1811%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr938fYlt7VTx5Ub2xSsR08eGlniwkPmy-g5xGFZAfigZbZ_dy-VCaUySXeg-qokEaAz5NJoyQ0uh9sVLXFqJ6A-8ipZS3f-8etI9-LlKkoMb1X3gABsX6OVeub802ftJ_TZGqTH0WROJZ/s640/Watermarked+Photo+16+%25282016-04-23-1811%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On O'Connell Street, the office of Dublin Bus bears an image of the GPO prior to the Rising.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpVwOyUYstZDx6gZXot1WwfVWbVRuoLOFT5vkX9jc_RMWP52E0TIbbuK2OCzesDLmgZUIZAJZP3jfEoZDI9cnZ06f6KNykv-k91kz92at7hu4S1CdYDPttnuKmXTwKGum_5XkZ3hA93tbq/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+18+%25282016-04-23-1812%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpVwOyUYstZDx6gZXot1WwfVWbVRuoLOFT5vkX9jc_RMWP52E0TIbbuK2OCzesDLmgZUIZAJZP3jfEoZDI9cnZ06f6KNykv-k91kz92at7hu4S1CdYDPttnuKmXTwKGum_5XkZ3hA93tbq/s640/Watermarked+Photo+18+%25282016-04-23-1812%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On Benburb Street, this photographic installation created by photographer Steve McCullagh<br />
features 19 out of the 150 Volunteers who served in the Four Courts Battalion (my granduncle Michael Magee's battalion), <br />
pictured together with a living relative or relatives.<br />
In each pairing the past and the present are joined together with a quotation drawn from<br />
the individual Volunteer's respective Bureau of Military History Archives Witness statement.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGOYlmjenzbqtAD1-hFmc8WFmvGlw0ONfl-TzETaduvQ7MvjY8_jJMU96K6xiDPGQL-LwZED5EVMaaypwL5tdYw2NfSdPfKMN6K3hXn-EHU7DBnQToDpWztw2-wfFd2mU0fi8Ow0SKBjkz/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+1+%25282016-04-23-1852%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGOYlmjenzbqtAD1-hFmc8WFmvGlw0ONfl-TzETaduvQ7MvjY8_jJMU96K6xiDPGQL-LwZED5EVMaaypwL5tdYw2NfSdPfKMN6K3hXn-EHU7DBnQToDpWztw2-wfFd2mU0fi8Ow0SKBjkz/s640/Watermarked+Photo+1+%25282016-04-23-1852%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Seán Heuston, commander at the Mendicity Institution, Usher's Island.<br />
The banner covering the building depicts it as it looked in 1916.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ok9r1HFGCpbZJvIANCL0i1RA8-SFFrjrZ9p5tpI-q5L2wurLt6Yy1jz4F2xglAaCme2LTfpGnJHO0BhpsTKrBVLDX8mbCppTLiHLO5PgnnYJ6GlgQuLBQLmnn24fA0U66TdAo3QuSnvX/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+2+%25282016-04-23-2050%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ok9r1HFGCpbZJvIANCL0i1RA8-SFFrjrZ9p5tpI-q5L2wurLt6Yy1jz4F2xglAaCme2LTfpGnJHO0BhpsTKrBVLDX8mbCppTLiHLO5PgnnYJ6GlgQuLBQLmnn24fA0U66TdAo3QuSnvX/s640/Watermarked+Photo+2+%25282016-04-23-2050%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside the courtyard of The Four Courts, on Monday 28 March, I joined other members of 1916 Four Courts Battalion families in remembering the service of our respective family members who served with the Four Courts Battalion.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCyUlXNkoymh2-aIipLpZ9UvH8a-zsFQv_DbxmykCQRUHugILUsaKafxgT3uCX7t8LOCoHzRMCGiuJi_-BLh-ZbI-GC8oAwa-eL9Yfi49CEm0SrCpDR0VrkanCltmAsrs4thE-A6sp9V7j/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+4+%25282016-04-23-1853%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCyUlXNkoymh2-aIipLpZ9UvH8a-zsFQv_DbxmykCQRUHugILUsaKafxgT3uCX7t8LOCoHzRMCGiuJi_-BLh-ZbI-GC8oAwa-eL9Yfi49CEm0SrCpDR0VrkanCltmAsrs4thE-A6sp9V7j/s640/Watermarked+Photo+4+%25282016-04-23-1853%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On Parliament Street (at Cork Hill) windows filled with important figures from the Independence movement.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG2oZLyh241i5gJ4-oFx2s2P3QQe9IwlLkIIDfK_6QrA6T-lYDR6hz2qwL3YLgFcNoqGUiyJHSzdxrzXU5LVLXcPuExsa8IAb5P9NrHz7RWlmAUP1OXUQgZgG6SYitrrfZA2-s-ZinVHMW/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+19+%25282016-04-23-1812%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG2oZLyh241i5gJ4-oFx2s2P3QQe9IwlLkIIDfK_6QrA6T-lYDR6hz2qwL3YLgFcNoqGUiyJHSzdxrzXU5LVLXcPuExsa8IAb5P9NrHz7RWlmAUP1OXUQgZgG6SYitrrfZA2-s-ZinVHMW/s640/Watermarked+Photo+19+%25282016-04-23-1812%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">All around Dublin lamp posts bear similar flags marking the centenary.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8o61CKZjJHCNKz27hiQmefJqY7n7WKjjkJgG1bQUqMlDAk2FKbK7FtnHmC28PGhUpfuRCxIZAwLDJEgrM6IVJGQxsChM4XPO6PAcBXTTD6XsYUheSifyn76sf-41JUYdfTgUZrg9S_a4T/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+20+%25282016-04-23-1812%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8o61CKZjJHCNKz27hiQmefJqY7n7WKjjkJgG1bQUqMlDAk2FKbK7FtnHmC28PGhUpfuRCxIZAwLDJEgrM6IVJGQxsChM4XPO6PAcBXTTD6XsYUheSifyn76sf-41JUYdfTgUZrg9S_a4T/s640/Watermarked+Photo+20+%25282016-04-23-1812%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">On Harcourt Street (at St. Stephen's Green) a banner honouring the service of Countess Constance Markievicz.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWqs1N-rhGtCaNQnHPw6Wk7xxN8lOrPuX_dt8PVvR4YZ8v1Q3ucD03dDQXZLar4qe5r9_rPDZn-8hIAjw2cbeHbo1sTFxgeKbmHOM4by4Bbf6n7AU0QUtsQIrllB0hYJuN4aHytwZrqll2/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+4+%25282016-04-23-2051%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWqs1N-rhGtCaNQnHPw6Wk7xxN8lOrPuX_dt8PVvR4YZ8v1Q3ucD03dDQXZLar4qe5r9_rPDZn-8hIAjw2cbeHbo1sTFxgeKbmHOM4by4Bbf6n7AU0QUtsQIrllB0hYJuN4aHytwZrqll2/s640/Watermarked+Photo+4+%25282016-04-23-2051%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At Eden Quay the tri-colour flies next to the SIPTU tapestry.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
©irisheyesjgg2016.</div>
Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-73723777539457261672016-03-03T05:08:00.002+00:002019-02-28T20:55:43.125+00:00Records of the Military Service of Irish Soldiers, Volunteers & Freedom Fighters<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="line-height: normal;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid7OpxImoLyoBZvY4lCnFcUAsuKp4GLblrtYd_kBvTvrcm9ZuZURTagbGFRm-yKwk3DWDICyiWdkq-5HH-HbGOKutPcgZN8oYjDxxc1VxB_X66iENjDLFy7AMEQTMolm2On42DoWjjkEHB/s1600/The+Garden+of+Remembrance%252C+Dublin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid7OpxImoLyoBZvY4lCnFcUAsuKp4GLblrtYd_kBvTvrcm9ZuZURTagbGFRm-yKwk3DWDICyiWdkq-5HH-HbGOKutPcgZN8oYjDxxc1VxB_X66iENjDLFy7AMEQTMolm2On42DoWjjkEHB/s640/The+Garden+of+Remembrance%252C+Dublin.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The cruciform water feature at The Garden of Remembrance, Parnell Square, Dublin.<br />
The garden was built to commemorate the lives of those killed in the fight for Irish freedom.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Now that we are well within the decade of centenaries and are approaching the 100th Anniversary of the 1916 Easter Rising, the official State commemoration of which will be held on Easter Sunday, 27 March 2016 <sup><span style="color: blue;">1</span></sup>, it is a good time to consider those records which might allow us to uncover the history of the military service of our Irish ancestors and relatives. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">To that end, below I have listed twenty websites and resources, along with links to additional information, which may aid you in finding the service history of your family members. Included here are sites which hold materials germane to not only the 1916 Easter Rising, but also the Irish War of Independence, the Irish Civil War, the First World War and other conflicts. Peppered throughout are photos I have taken on my history research travels.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Also, before you set out on your search you may want to consider the timeline of rebellions, wars and other events for which you might find records of the military participation for your Irish family members.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Irish Rebellions of 1798 and 1803</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The First World War, 1914-1918</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Easter Rising, 1916</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Irish War of Independence, 1919-21</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Founding of the Irish Free State and with it the National Army, 1922</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Irish Civil War, 1922-23</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">As always, I wish you the best of luck with your research.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Cheers to you,</span></div>
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<i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Jennifer</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">RECORDS OF THE MILITARY SERVICE OF IRISH SOLDIERS, </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">VOLUNTEERS & FREEDOM FIGHTERS</span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. THE BUREAU OF MILITARY HISTORY ARCHIVES at Cathal Brugha:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.militaryarchives.ie/en/home/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.militaryarchives.ie/en/home/<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Irish Volunteer, North Circular Road, Dublin.<br />
(See endnote 2.)</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">In my opinion the Bureau of Military History Archives is the most important site for accessing materials, both online and offline, for ancestors and family members who fought in conflicts on the island of Ireland, including the 1916 Easter Rising, the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">On this site you will find Military Pension records for those who fought in the 1916 Easter Rising, and applied for and were granted a pension. If your family member — or his/her survivors — did not apply for a pension in respect of service, you will not find a record of their service. The records for those who served exclusively during the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War have not yet been released online. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">As well as the Military Service Pensions Collection, a whole host of materials can be accessed online including the Bureau of Military History Archives (1913 - 1921), which includes the Witness Statements collection amassed between 1947 and 1958, The Irish Free State Army Census Collection 1922, An tÓglách Magazine accounts of the 1916 Rising, copies of significant issues of An tÓglách Magazine and the Military Archives Image Gallery. All of this is accessible online for free.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">2. THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF IRELAND:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.nationalarchives.ie/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.nationalarchives.ie<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The NAI holds a significant cache of military records, including a major collection of Rebellion Papers for the 1798 and 1803 Rebellions. These must be accessed in person; however, via the NAI genealogy site you can search for and view the wills of Irish soldiers who died while serving in the British Forces. Most of these wills date from the First World War, but there are a small number which date to the late 19th Century, as well as some from the South African War, 1899-1902.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">See: <a href="http://soldierswills.nationalarchives.ie/search/sw/home.jsp"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238);">http://soldierswills.nationalarchives.ie/search/sw/home.jsp</span></a></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3mkg0-pEZEnmVyLreoxCBFdwKLui3clSKlvlgV76RWKnGI1ZmXETDcJm5iF6qwb_R57DvL9v6ywqO9BF0f5t52K1yc9r2Rpa4d7M-cY9AxP-s2bD9oKk7kQlBW8xwGhyphenhyphenmUL4urlrnCkRi/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+9+%25282016-03-02-1129%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3mkg0-pEZEnmVyLreoxCBFdwKLui3clSKlvlgV76RWKnGI1ZmXETDcJm5iF6qwb_R57DvL9v6ywqO9BF0f5t52K1yc9r2Rpa4d7M-cY9AxP-s2bD9oKk7kQlBW8xwGhyphenhyphenmUL4urlrnCkRi/s640/Watermarked+Photo+9+%25282016-03-02-1129%2529.jpg" width="606" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In Connolly train station, Dublin, a memorial to staff of The Great Northern Railway<br />
who were killed during the First World War.</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">3. IRISH WAR MEMORIALS:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.irishwarmemorials.ie/html/showMemorial.php?show=185"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.irishwarmemorials.ie/html/showMemorial.php?show=185<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">An excellent site, the main purpose of which is to make available the names of those recorded on war memorials in Ireland, as well as images of the memorials and the inscriptions on them. The site is free to access and is fully searchable by surname, county, regiment or service and specific war or conflict.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">4. MILITARY HERITAGE of Ireland Trust:</span></b></div>
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<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> <a href="http://www.militaryheritage.ie/"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238);">http://www.militaryheritage.ie/</span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The mandate of this web portal is to promote the widest possible understanding and appreciation of Ireland’s distinctive military heritage.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Military Heritage of Ireland Trust archives directory page is an indispensable listing of the numerous archives, libraries, museums and heritage centres which hold materials pertaining to the Irish soldier.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.militaryheritage.ie/research-guide/archives/archives-dir/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.militaryheritage.ie/research-guide/archives/archives-dir/<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFZPI_CFw9_0ShL4rDiDVUobr6ckMD_hNePF48e6h2mVn2HaPK_jFGE8D3AqbJzwHQ_79C0ZJ_59g0UlWfpx4gNLMA29gjQhnRHckS-3AbrSc02bayjX1-HTpnIzf6QCB7qCGX_0hzj1D3/s1600/Book+rooms%252C+Irish+War+Memorial+Gardens%252C+Dublin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFZPI_CFw9_0ShL4rDiDVUobr6ckMD_hNePF48e6h2mVn2HaPK_jFGE8D3AqbJzwHQ_79C0ZJ_59g0UlWfpx4gNLMA29gjQhnRHckS-3AbrSc02bayjX1-HTpnIzf6QCB7qCGX_0hzj1D3/s640/Book+rooms%252C+Irish+War+Memorial+Gardens%252C+Dublin.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Two of the four Book Rooms which hold the volumes of Ireland's War Memorial,<br />
The War Memorial Gardens, Dublin (see endnote 3).</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold;">5. IRELAND’S WAR MEMORIAL REMEMBRANCE BOOKS:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Committee of the Irish National War Memorial recorded some 49,400 names of those Irish killed in WW1. The names and details of the lost were listed alphabetically in leather bound volumes, </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">illustrated by Irish artist Harry Clarke, </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">for publication in 1923. Those volumes are now stored in the Book Rooms of the War Memorial Gardens in Dublin Ireland. The content can be accessed on a number of pay-per-view sites including FindMyPast Ireland and Ancestry. The memorial can also be searched for free on the Flanders Fields museum website at </span><a href="http://imr.inflandersfields.be/search.html" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); color: #551a8b;">http://imr.inflandersfields.be/search.html</span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">See also:</span></div>
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<div style="font-size: 16px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #551a8b; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2013/02/commemoration-in-landscape-irish.html">http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2013/02/commemoration-in-landscape-irish.html</a></span></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGW4BYvUu2e558RbLozV-8SdW46I7Zg2oZgZeHNqmuLSWnrAXk-ohF8vN-YxHI7mQJqYuhRVj_8ikrpxc7t4XaCOy7ZnraQe2s8CO-d1LZvvwXd0Nc07zKvhkKTQJKDJoRIMWR3MOA7OKK/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+6+%25282016-03-02-1128%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGW4BYvUu2e558RbLozV-8SdW46I7Zg2oZgZeHNqmuLSWnrAXk-ohF8vN-YxHI7mQJqYuhRVj_8ikrpxc7t4XaCOy7ZnraQe2s8CO-d1LZvvwXd0Nc07zKvhkKTQJKDJoRIMWR3MOA7OKK/s640/Watermarked+Photo+6+%25282016-03-02-1128%2529.jpg" width="379" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Memorial to the Battle of Mount Street,<br />
Dublin, Easter 1916.<br />
(see endnote 4)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">7. THE GUINNESS ROLL OF HONOUR:</span></b></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">At the outset of World War One, Guinness Brewery at St James's Gate in Dublin was the largest brewery in the world, employing close to 4,000 people. Of those 4,000, more than 800 men enlisted to fight with the British forces. While these men were away Guinness not only guaranteed their jobs upon their return, but continued to pay them half of their wages.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Guinness records indicate 103 of those 800 men died during the war. Their names, alongside all those who served from the brewery, are commemorated in a roll of honour which was produced in 1920.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Although the Guinness roll of honour cannot currently be accessed on the Guinness website, images of it can be viewed on the Irish War Memorials site at <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); color: #551a8b;"><a href="http://www.irishwarmemorials.ie/Memorials-Detail?memoId=832">http://www.irishwarmemorials.ie/Memorials-Detail?memoId=83</a></span></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></b> <b><span style="font-family: inherit;">8. THE IRISH GREAT WAR SOCIETY:</span></b></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #551a8b; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.irishgreatwarsociety.com/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.irishgreatwarsociety.com<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">An excellent site with lots of very interesting material compiled by the Irish Great War Society, which describes itself as “a living history group dedicated to education and remembrance”. Their motto is a stellar one: ‘Cuimhnigh - Meas - tOnórach’, translated from Gaelic to English means: ‘Remember - Respect - Honour’.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></b> <b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">9. CWGC: The Commonwealth War Graves Commission:</span></b></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #042eee; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.cwgc.org/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.cwgc.org/<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Commonwealth war graves database lists the names and places of commemoration for the 1.7 million men and women of the Commonwealth forces who died during the two world wars. It also records details of 67,000 Commonwealth civilians who died 'as a result of enemy action' in the Second World War.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The site is fully searchable by surname, date, war, rank, regiment, awards or any combination of those criteria. Search results can be sorted by column heading, then printed and clicked on for access to more information.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">For a history of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission see:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #551a8b; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://issuu.com/wargravescommission/docs/history"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://issuu.com/wargravescommission/docs/history<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">10. WAR GRAVES PHOTOGRAPHIC PROJECT:</span></b></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #551a8b; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://twgpp.org/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://twgpp.org/<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">An excellent website, fully searchable by surname, and also rank, regimental number, and regiment. This site provides photographs of the graves of those who fell on fields of battle in Europe and elsewhere. For a small donation they will provide copies (digital and/or hard copy) upon request. The War Graves Photographic Project works together with the CWGC.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFLBSsCaAn48RXJEm4RXRfAtutYYenBZprKM08McqKuhyphenhyphenUADF7sCPDsXdq3PJJz1osn55wPktExiEUV40USFbhXbxdyK3mlr3DKYMNis5hCo2_aTK0tx-eZVvMlLtRFtE_jVFsunJ4dTk3/s1600/IMG_2015.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFLBSsCaAn48RXJEm4RXRfAtutYYenBZprKM08McqKuhyphenhyphenUADF7sCPDsXdq3PJJz1osn55wPktExiEUV40USFbhXbxdyK3mlr3DKYMNis5hCo2_aTK0tx-eZVvMlLtRFtE_jVFsunJ4dTk3/s640/IMG_2015.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The standing stones, memorialising the dead and missing of the 36th Ulster and 10th & 16th Irish Divisions,<br />
Island of Ireland Peace Park, Belgium.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="font-family: inherit;">11. NATIONAL ARCHIVES UK (NAUK): First World War site</b><span style="font-family: inherit;">:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #551a8b; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/first-world-war/"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/first-world-war/<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">On this excellent site you can view a vast collection of materials pertaining to those who served in the British forces during the First World War. Among the materials included are Unit War diaries which detail the day to day activities of the individual battalions in the field of battle.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">12. MEDAL CARDS NAUK:</span></b></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #551a8b; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/medal-index-cards-ww1.htm"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/medal-index-cards-ww1.htm<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Fully searchable by name, regimental number, corps, rank and unit, the medals index offers the option to purchase a copy of the medal card, and some cards are available for viewing online. The medal rolls are also available on Ancestry UK.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">13. THE IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM:</span></b></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #551a8b; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/first-world-war"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/first-world-war<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #551a8b; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/irelands-role-in-the-first-world-war"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/irelands-role-in-the-first-world-war<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">A number of materials pertaining to the Irish can be accessed through the Imperial War Museum. Various articles also offer the British perspective on the participation of Irish men and women in the First World War.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj99TfYDIDAQK3zQq0FWMq2PpqvFu9e_q4zlCqQjgbSG3ufGcv_tS1aPysNRUSPMrLqgXwcMYuvScmUWmVemmNw7WUyM2beO4OEHdoKoi-E_qAUqKv8SnaGF48Qk3aT5rlOPdyfBgz_qmAQ/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+8+%25282016-03-02-1129%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="566" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj99TfYDIDAQK3zQq0FWMq2PpqvFu9e_q4zlCqQjgbSG3ufGcv_tS1aPysNRUSPMrLqgXwcMYuvScmUWmVemmNw7WUyM2beO4OEHdoKoi-E_qAUqKv8SnaGF48Qk3aT5rlOPdyfBgz_qmAQ/s640/Watermarked+Photo+8+%25282016-03-02-1129%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Close-up view of the plaque in St. Mary's Church, Haddington Road, Dublin.<br />
It is the only World War One commemoration to be found inside a Catholic church in the Republic.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">14. PRONI's WAR MEMORIAL RECORDS:</span></b></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Public Records Office of Northern Ireland is an excellent resource for materials relating to World War One. The war memorial records they offer are fully searchable and available for download as free PDFs. Connect to the WW1 resources page via this link:</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #551a8b; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/first-world-war-resources"><span style="font-family: inherit;">https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/first-world-war-resources</span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">15. THE DIAMOND WAR MEMORIAL PROJECT:</span></b></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; color: #042eee; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.diamondwarmemorial.com/pages/about-us"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.diamondwarmemorial.com/pages/about-us<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The stated aim of this project is “to investigate the stories of the lives and deaths of the many people, from the Derry/Londonderry area, who died as result of World War 1 (1914-1918) and also to pass on all this information to as many people as possible throughout the world.” Included in the project are the names of at least 400 persons whose details are not recorded elsewhere.</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">16. WAR GRAVES ULSTER:</span></b></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; min-height: 19px;">
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/wargravesulster/home"><span style="font-family: inherit;">https://sites.google.com/site/wargravesulster/home<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">This very interesting website is dedicated to persons of all nationalities who were killed in World War One or World War Two and are buried in Ulster.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">This website is organised by County, but there are separate pages for cemeteries with large numbers of war graves, such as Belfast City Cemetery, Belfast (Milltown) Roman Catholic Cemetery, Dundonald Cemetery, Carnmoney Cemetery and Londonderry (Derry) Cemetery. There are also pages for Foreign Nationals (Polish, Norwegian, French, Dutch and Italian), as well as unidentified service personnel and group memorials.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Pozières Memorial to the Missing, on the Somme, France. <br />
More than 14,000 souls are commemorated here, including many Irish.<br />
The walls are lined with the names of those with no known grave.</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">17. IMMIGRANT IRISH IN THE GREAT WAR:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Did your Irish ancestor or relative immigrate to Canada and then join the Canadian Forces to fight in WW1? If so, then be sure to visit the Military Heritage Section of Library and Archives Canada. The site and database are free to access.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/Pages/military-heritage.aspx"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/Pages/military-heritage.aspx<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Soldiers of the First World War: 1914-1918 database Canada:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/first-world-war-1914-1918-cef/Pages/canadian-expeditionary-force.aspx"><span style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/first-world-war-1914-1918-cef/Pages/canadian-expeditionary-force.aspx<span style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">18. PRISON REGISTERS:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Prison Registers, which can be accessed through sites such as FindMyPast Ireland, can be very helpful because they offer not only names, but in many cases reasons for internment. In these records you may find an ancestor or family member who was arrested and interned in Kilmainham Gaol for illegal activities during the Land Wars, the 1916 Easter Rising, the Irish War of Independence or the Irish Civil War.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">19. NEWSPAPERS:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Newspapers have always been a great resource for finding all manner of information related to family history research. If you are looking for obituaries for soldiers killed while serving with the British forces during the First World War, be sure to consult the pay-to-view archives of the Irish Times newspaper at <a href="http://www.irishtimes.com/archive"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(4, 46, 238); color: #551a8b;">http://www.irishtimes.com/archive</span></a>. The Irish Times was the instrument of the State during this period, so lists of soldiers killed were published, along with some individual articles — some including photographs — about officers who were lost during the war.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">20. CENTURY IRELAND:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Although this is not a site dedicated to records, it is an excellent site for learning more about the history of upheaval in the seminal decade of 1913-1923 in Ireland, with the material delivered in a number of interesting and accessible ways.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/">http://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/</a></span></span></div>
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</span></span></span> <span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Endnotes:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">1. The 1916 Easter Rising actually began on Monday 24 April, 1916; however, the Irish government has chosen to hold its major commemoration events on Easter weekend. There are also many other events for commemoration which are being held by public and private organisations in both March and April.</span></div>
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</span> <span style="font-family: inherit;">2. The plaque reads: "For the glory of God in enduring memory for the officers and for the volunteers who are no longer with us that fought for Ireland’s freedom and who were once members of ‘C’ company 1st battalion Dublin Brigade of the republican army a company which was founded in the year 1913."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px;">3. </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">There are four Book Rooms in War Memorial Park. Within them are housed the Books of Remembrance. There is one book room for each of the four provinces of Ireland. Also, secreted away in one of the book rooms is the Ginchy Cross, a 4 meter high (13ft) wooden celtic cross which was erected on the Somme in 1917. The cross stood as a memorial to the 4,354 men of the 16th Irish Division who were killed on the Somme in 1916 during two battles, one at Ginchy and one at Guillemont. The cross was brought back to Ireland in 1926 and locked away here. In its place in France stands a stone cross.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px;">4. The inscription reads: "In Commemoration of the Battle of Mount Street Bridge and in honour of the Irish Volunteers who gallantly gave their lives in this area in defence of The Irish Republic, Easter Week, 1916. Remember their sacrifice and be true to their ideals. God Rest the Brave."</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ILo1H65gPwcX9iwh11aFikc70z9E7GG3pr1z3VWMzEJWMrEKwioEqr4yXv1gM8Vv02gIZDuWStkO_GEJ4cdpp2Un-AV5T4le4wmif6tBT63G3EhyphenhyphengvAV3tSJrCAxYzYMcGOS9JZ-1jmd/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+4+%25282015-11-03-1009%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ILo1H65gPwcX9iwh11aFikc70z9E7GG3pr1z3VWMzEJWMrEKwioEqr4yXv1gM8Vv02gIZDuWStkO_GEJ4cdpp2Un-AV5T4le4wmif6tBT63G3EhyphenhyphengvAV3tSJrCAxYzYMcGOS9JZ-1jmd/s640/Watermarked+Photo+4+%25282015-11-03-1009%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The altar at the Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme.<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Over 72,000 soldiers who have no known grave are commemorated here.</span></td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">What resources have you found helpful in the search for the military history of your Irish ancestors and relatives?</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">©irisheyesjgg2016. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">All photographs are ©irisheyesjgg and ©JGeraghty-Gorman and may not be reproduced elsewhere.</span></div>
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Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-39368606692346016662016-03-01T15:05:00.004+00:002016-03-01T15:13:11.241+00:00Indexed Irish Catholic Parish Registers: Free online now and forever<div style="text-align: justify;">
FindMyPast Ireland sent me the following press release yesterday to share this morning. It is an exciting opportunity for those who might prefer to use an indexed version of the Irish Catholic parish registers that were released by the <a href="http://registers.nli.ie/">National Library of Ireland</a> back in July of 2015. Additionally FMP is offering the bonus of completely free access to their Irish records from today until Tuesday 8 March. Thank you FindMyPast!</div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif; font-size: 22pt;">10 Million Irish Catholic Parish Records Free Forever To Search Online<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif;">Records span 200 years of Irish history (1670-1900), contain 40 million names, cover 1000 parishes across all 32 counties of Ireland<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<u></u><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif;">Collection forms the most important resource for Irish ancestors prior to the 1901 census, allowing researchers to trace their roots back to Pre-Famine Ireland<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif;">Reveal how Great Famine halved the number of Catholic baptisms<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: "symbol";">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-family: "calibri light" , sans-serif;">Findmypast makes entire Irish collection of over 110 million records free from Tuesday 1<sup>st</sup>of March until Tuesday 8<sup>th</sup> March<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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Dublin, <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_1618004912" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; position: relative; top: -2px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ" style="position: relative; top: 2px; z-index: -1;">1 March 2016</span></span><u></u><u></u></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Leading family history site, </span><a href="http://www.findmypast.ie/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Findmypast</span></b></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">, has announced today the online release of over 10 million Irish Catholic Parish Registers as part of their ongoing commitment to making Irish family history easier and more accessible than ever before. Fully indexed for the first time, the registers form one of the most important record collections for Irish family history and are free to search forever.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Spanning over 200 years of Ireland’s history from 1671-1900, the Irish Catholic Parish Registers contain over 40 million names from over 1,000 parishes and cover 97% of the entire island of Ireland, both Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">This is the first time that National Library of Ireland’s collection of Irish Catholic Registers has been fully indexed with images to the original documents linked online. The records can now be searched by name, year and place, allowing relatives and historians the opportunity to make all important links between generations with the baptism records and between families with the marriage registers. <u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;">The indexing of these important documents also allows researchers to witness the devastating effects of the Great Famine (1845-1852) first hand. Using the records to examine baptism rates in pre and post Famine Ireland has revealed that the number of children baptised across the whole of Ireland dropped by more 50% in the decade that followed. Across all 32 counties, 2,408,694 baptisms were recorded from 1835-1844, while 1,109,062 baptisms were recorded between 1851 and 1860, a difference of more than 1,299,000 baptisms. <u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;">The records also reveal the worst affected regions, with counties Limerick, Wexford, Roscommon and Kilkenny seeing the most dramatic drops in baptism rates.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">To celebrate the release of this essential collection, Findmypast is also making its entire archive of over 110 million Irish records, the largest available anywhere online, FREE from <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_1618004913" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; position: relative; top: -2px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ" style="position: relative; top: 2px; z-index: -1;">9am</span></span> Tuesday 1st March to <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_1618004914" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; position: relative; top: -2px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ" style="position: relative; top: 2px; z-index: -1;">9am</span></span> on <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_1618004915" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; position: relative; top: -2px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ" style="position: relative; top: 2px; z-index: -1;">Tuesday 8th March</span></span>. Findmypast is home to the most comprehensive online collection of Irish family history records with millions of exclusive records, published in partnership with The National Archives of Ireland, The National Archives UK, and a host of other local, county and national archives. <u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Brian Donovan, Irish records expert at Findmypast said:<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">“This important publication marks a further step in Findmypast’s commitment to making Irish family history more accessible. In less than 5 years, we have made over 110 million records (with 300 million names) available online for the first time. Irish research has been transformed from the select pursuit of the few, to a fun and relatively easy hobby for the many. The Irish story of hardship, migration and opportunity is a global story, and in partnership with the cultural institutions around the world we are bringing the fragments of their lives within reach”.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-83792272514561051852015-07-21T05:01:00.000+01:002015-07-21T05:01:00.218+01:00Tuesday's Tip: The NLI Parish Registers & IFHF: Working in tandem<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2Vyi81SqrkfIg5Pa54TZ-hxlov-X1Mbqio82uhJIFwckMiPKdfz7heC0MLrjIQbLPdKDDWDFRIic8OVt5BNpaYgXQrbEyjfXlfsJWtNsspFOctFuO94EmqNqeauFie-cjelAt9Ytdd2xS/s1600/IMG_2603.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2Vyi81SqrkfIg5Pa54TZ-hxlov-X1Mbqio82uhJIFwckMiPKdfz7heC0MLrjIQbLPdKDDWDFRIic8OVt5BNpaYgXQrbEyjfXlfsJWtNsspFOctFuO94EmqNqeauFie-cjelAt9Ytdd2xS/s640/IMG_2603.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The National Library of Ireland, Dublin City, County Dublin.<br />
©irisheyesjgg.</td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
No doubt the launch of the <a href="http://registers.nli.ie/">National Library of Ireland's Roman Catholic Parish Registers website</a> has elicited reactions running the gamut from joy to despair for researchers mining the registers for ancestors and other relations. If you have access to the website of the <a href="http://rootsireland.ie/">Irish Family History Foundation (IFHF), a.k.a. Roots Ireland</a>, then you may find using the site in tandem with the parish registers swings the pendulum of your emotions more toward the side of joy.</div>
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Over the years I have been fortunate to have had many opportunities to consult the microfilm in person at the National Library in Dublin, and in doing so have been able to trace my maternal tree back to the 1740s. Although the poor condition of some registers remains a nightmare in terms of the search — using the inverse image function makes them a little more legible — I am grateful to have the registers now so easily accessible online. Sitting at my desk in the comfort of my office, with a nice steaming 'cuppa' tea in hand, while negotiating my way around the wonderfully intuitive site, makes searching a most pleasant task.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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Online access also makes it possible to view the digitized microfilm images of the registers in tandem with the transcriptions of the IFHF, simply by opening a second window on the browser on my Mac. Where possible, comparing the original images with the transcriptions has proven to be a worthwhile exercise. Be sure to look in the lower left hand corner of pages for parish registers, where the NLI wisely makes note of the <a href="http://rootsireland.ie/">Roots Ireland [IFHF]</a> and <a href="http://www.irishtimes.com/ancestor/">the Irish Times Ancestors</a> websites, as well as <a href="http://irishgenealogy.ie/">irishgenealogy.ie</a>, as aids for collaborative consultation when possible.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUjsMINvDjaBsBfxs4oX-ddhxv4n1NhA-0LXj4qlfH1vpfU6ojR0X5DG59yQH_6R-gDUoif0iTjswhERzpaOuIOMVQST_Oxy3TmiMDBMG-iRCOsWA7tjuuGDBeIRA08J_4xh7J-vbe1R9u/s1600/Parish+register+extra+info+shot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUjsMINvDjaBsBfxs4oX-ddhxv4n1NhA-0LXj4qlfH1vpfU6ojR0X5DG59yQH_6R-gDUoif0iTjswhERzpaOuIOMVQST_Oxy3TmiMDBMG-iRCOsWA7tjuuGDBeIRA08J_4xh7J-vbe1R9u/s640/Parish+register+extra+info+shot.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Look for this in the lower left hand corner of any given parish register page.</td></tr>
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The lack of images of original records accompanying the transcriptions has always been my biggest gripe with the Roots Ireland site. The fact is I know my own skill set when it comes to research and transcription, and know my strengths as well as weaknesses when it comes to interpreting data. However, I've never had a clear idea about the skills of those who provide the transcriptions to the IFHF, so have long wanted to see the images next to the transcriptions, just as they are for the most part on <a href="http://irishgenealogy.ie/">irishgenealogy.ie</a>.<br />
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In the course of comparing parish register entries to IFHF transcriptions, since the inception of the IFHF site, I have come across numerous transcription errors. Recently, I found one in which the transcription notes the date of <b>baptism as 30 May 1851</b> and the date of <b>birth as 2 July 1859</b> for one Bridget Geraghty. As powerful as the Catholic Church was in days of yore, I am quite certain even they were not capable of baptising Baby Geraghty 8 years before she was born.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdt_u9_3oLe8qqmB3ZPESboGlJROW66Hz2JLY1Txu7RN1vglTpRxZHBHS3HgC64x7HvNt4MGzTD9EHLstg0MvXQALU05J8Rlv-FSGy8SqzWXwcMbkTvNhqeIM6OZ9PLX65RSZBNNT_IjgG/s1600/Date+of+Birth+1859%252C+date+of+baptism+1851.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="119" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdt_u9_3oLe8qqmB3ZPESboGlJROW66Hz2JLY1Txu7RN1vglTpRxZHBHS3HgC64x7HvNt4MGzTD9EHLstg0MvXQALU05J8Rlv-FSGy8SqzWXwcMbkTvNhqeIM6OZ9PLX65RSZBNNT_IjgG/s400/Date+of+Birth+1859%252C+date+of+baptism+1851.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Given the fact that transcribers are still of the human variety, these kinds of errors are to be expected. However, being able to compare the parish register entries with the IFHF transcription offers the reassurance of getting a more accurate picture. The parish register entry for Bridget Geraghty bears this out. It reveals 2 July 1859 as Bridget's date of baptism, and in fact, offers no date of birth at all. The other details match those of the transcription.<br />
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While continuing to search the registers on the trail of other delights, where possible I will consult the entries in concert with the IFHF transcriptions, all the while being well and truly grateful to the National Library of Ireland for delivering on their promise.</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Have you used the Roots Ireland site, or another site, in tandem with the NLI parish registers site?</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">What has been your experience so far on the NLI site?</span></b></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzPir0uMda07bWnotnVIs7xAi34altJ7clNIMGR1BKf0QaDvvjnBacqFYtwvuOVm2Je8dta_-LdhTJGWIzP_q2AO-C5nhY_X8BFgaihlBPgNqRFTjiIQLXIFmVK-SfjyjIN-Ctj7RWsRZe/s1600/019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzPir0uMda07bWnotnVIs7xAi34altJ7clNIMGR1BKf0QaDvvjnBacqFYtwvuOVm2Je8dta_-LdhTJGWIzP_q2AO-C5nhY_X8BFgaihlBPgNqRFTjiIQLXIFmVK-SfjyjIN-Ctj7RWsRZe/s320/019.jpg" width="270" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Some transcriptions conjure up odd images.</td></tr>
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©irisheyesjgg2015.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-80790606506230073192015-07-03T05:08:00.000+01:002015-07-03T05:14:53.760+01:00Countdown to 8 July: Palaeography & the art of reading the illegible<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aabz3SrLEyo/T3H_K_qrmBI/AAAAAAAAD6I/NXTnCL_Bi1Y/s1600/P9124338+-+Version+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="324" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aabz3SrLEyo/T3H_K_qrmBI/AAAAAAAAD6I/NXTnCL_Bi1Y/s640/P9124338+-+Version+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An ideal find: perfectly legible entries in a Donabate Parish Register April 1764, Donabate, County Dublin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">Given that Wednesday 8 July — the official launch day for the National Library of Ireland's Parish Registers website — is almost upon us, today I am revisiting a post from 2013 with suggestions for improving your skills so that you might have greater success reading the more difficult register entries you might come across.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">In May, eminent <a href="http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/irish-roots-1.2191844">Irish genealogist John Grenham</a> beta tested the parish register site and he was mightily impressed by what he saw, calling it 'extraordinary' and declaring it '90 percent squint-free'. However, you might still face challenges when it comes to deciphering the written script of those who created the entries in the original parish registers. That's where a tutorial in palaeography comes in.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">What is Palaeography?</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Palaeography, translated from the Greek, means 'old writing' (palaiós meaning 'old' and graphein meaning 'to write'). Strictly speaking, it is the study of ancient writing, but also includes the transcription and dating of historical documents, and in some quarters, the whole study of any book or manuscript written by hand.<br />
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Historians of all stripes — family historians and professional historians alike— often have to spend time deciphering the handwriting found on documents essential to their work. Thankfully I have studied enough palaeography to get me through documents for my own work, but it is always helpful to engage in further practice, in order to ensure that deciphering skills are at their optimum.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">
While you might not wish to commit yourself wholly to the study of palaeography, you may find a tutorial in the practice to be quite useful. The National Archives UK offers resources which you may find helpful in improving your ability to read and transcribe historical records.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">You can begin on this page: <a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/reading-old-documents.htm">http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/reading-old-documents.htm</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">(Bonus: There is also a handy historical currency converter on this page, as well as a link for help with reading Roman numerals.)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">National Archives UK: Palaeography: <a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/palaeography/">http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/palaeography/</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">On this page you will find an excellent tutorial, which begins with an easy to read document and moves through documents of increasing difficulty to help you develop your skills. Also, in the further practice section, there are a number of interesting documents included which date from the 16th to the beginning of the 19th century, including one 17th century report from English State Papers which refers to Oliver Cromwell's banning of Christmas.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">National Archives UK also has a page on Latin Palaeography: <ahref http:="" latinpalaeography="" www.nationalarchives.gov.uk=""><a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/latinpalaeography/">http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/latinpalaeography/</a></ahref></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">There are a number of tips and tricks included here for deciphering the text and understanding abbreviations. You can even try your hand at transcribing a document with the online transcriber. As you type in the text any incorrectly transcribed words are highlighted in red, so you can instantly see any errors.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Be sure to stop by these pages on NA UK to improve your transcription skills, or to check out some of the fascinating documents they have included.</div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ClNEjvjjNuk/T3H_IqFIANI/AAAAAAAAD54/HBnbNdXGnEk/s1600/P9124254+-+Version+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ClNEjvjjNuk/T3H_IqFIANI/AAAAAAAAD54/HBnbNdXGnEk/s640/P9124254+-+Version+2.jpg" width="598" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">County Mayo Parish Register on microfilm:<br />
Both the state of the register and some of the script may prove a challenge.</td></tr>
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©irisheyesjg2015.<br />
All Rights Reserved.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-39585631113850451672015-06-27T05:01:00.000+01:002015-07-10T20:42:09.747+01:00Sepia Saturday #285: Within these walls: 'School days'<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>School days, school days, </i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>dear old golden rule days,</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Reading and 'riting and 'rithmatic,</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>taught to the tune of the hickory stick.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>You were my queen in calico,</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>I was your bashful, barefoot beau,</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>You wrote on my slate,</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>'I love you Joe',</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>when we were a couple of kids.</i></span></div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">It's funny how the mind works, isn't it? When I was looking at the inspiration image of the Chittenden Hotel for today's <a href="http://sepiasaturday.blogspot.ca/2015/06/sepia-saturday-285-27-june-2015.html">Sepia Saturday</a>, these lyrics from a very old (1907) American chanty began to run through my head.<br />
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For reasons unknown to me, occasionally my Irish mother would sing this tune, while she was washing dishes, doing a simple mending job, or weeding in the back garden. When I was a child I thought it was a very silly rhyming bit, but it made my mother happy, and the light-hearted nature of it seemed to make quick work of the task at hand. I can still picture my mother working away, head slightly bobbing, as she trilled out this simple ditty. </div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">How does this bring me to today's post? Well, the little tune, together with the image of the hotel building, reminded me of school and school buildings, and some of those educational institutions that have figured in my family history. So without further adieu, I give you, '<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>School days</i></span>'. </div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">The first set of images shows Clongowes Wood College in its various incarnations. Founded by the Jesuits in 1814, and situated just outside of Clane, in County Kildare, the college is a seven-day boarding school for boys. Several members of my family were educated here, including Andrew J. Kettle, who attended in the 1840s, and his sons Laurence Joseph Kettle and Thomas Michael Kettle, both of whom attended during the last decade of the 19th century.</div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVfUGnjIr6PS2u2sI7Aldi9fk8Vn73fsl0utAmtTrCswsrWTobYL61UKqPUR-DVfVa5_q_fNKy_8PzYNSGeTw2VZPcJf6UrHbA3LTIJrQdaoo-WZBxPTH6JaxdVd6NPgTyqyzjck_DKK1f/s1600/IMG_1637.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVfUGnjIr6PS2u2sI7Aldi9fk8Vn73fsl0utAmtTrCswsrWTobYL61UKqPUR-DVfVa5_q_fNKy_8PzYNSGeTw2VZPcJf6UrHbA3LTIJrQdaoo-WZBxPTH6JaxdVd6NPgTyqyzjck_DKK1f/s640/IMG_1637.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The gateway into Clongowes Wood College remains much as it was from the school's inception.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSzcGQ0-8eFP-cFxtMsdy47Pi70XYdan3hd6TAIY-KS8t6SQZgjse3BzVb6jiBpJLINZB1usI9QL_YvbgYl5AbAUbTB23jfOGqtsfAT02kt2v48ZO7Eke1RVqyJYa6jJ8rq8MjqMbMBykm/s1600/Clongowes+Wood+College+early+incarnation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="479" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSzcGQ0-8eFP-cFxtMsdy47Pi70XYdan3hd6TAIY-KS8t6SQZgjse3BzVb6jiBpJLINZB1usI9QL_YvbgYl5AbAUbTB23jfOGqtsfAT02kt2v48ZO7Eke1RVqyJYa6jJ8rq8MjqMbMBykm/s640/Clongowes+Wood+College+early+incarnation.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">'The Castle' of Clongowes Wood College in its earliest incarnation.<br />
[National Library of Ireland]</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb2FUTDaLYqHloHZ4RYNUM19D0MS6cfcKYXYib-IALe2e67xG7CMXVgdBZ7Oga6OPPKmFXo_aXT8qFcUx4t47RDuqJCckJ5vvTQ7lgAwbUlYvIvJgmkr3B1gvCmuGx0eN9fhWUNXggTeXp/s1600/Clongowes+Wood+College.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb2FUTDaLYqHloHZ4RYNUM19D0MS6cfcKYXYib-IALe2e67xG7CMXVgdBZ7Oga6OPPKmFXo_aXT8qFcUx4t47RDuqJCckJ5vvTQ7lgAwbUlYvIvJgmkr3B1gvCmuGx0eN9fhWUNXggTeXp/s1600/Clongowes+Wood+College.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Castle, with the addition of the Boys' Chapel which was built in 1907.<br />
[National Library of Ireland]</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgShdwy06W3Xu6YA57O9sJRCx2qpMqArQWrEfrCWsn_XSr-2bPoY1NzQaahuo46JtCkmf6roRqokBvqMlNbXTS2ZUtK1KI6T9XWk1dELi3pYf4ih-CdbCKzNXcdCiIm-yc9yQGNql2zJ8cG/s1600/IMG_1639.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgShdwy06W3Xu6YA57O9sJRCx2qpMqArQWrEfrCWsn_XSr-2bPoY1NzQaahuo46JtCkmf6roRqokBvqMlNbXTS2ZUtK1KI6T9XWk1dELi3pYf4ih-CdbCKzNXcdCiIm-yc9yQGNql2zJ8cG/s640/IMG_1639.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clongowes Wood College as it looks today.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRzybAfe2ZmS_bHZVsr-CYPLSUnBuRXNEQyUGHY_mLtXIcWyboYr8hg0OQeYMhIzaq8Pd30KtFAxpNGQ52tboBfe2uJBT7AB26aSD8tdH3-oA7TLnVU1hm8NdmvzTTmQkNKfJVrb-RYtCf/s1600/IMG_1634.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRzybAfe2ZmS_bHZVsr-CYPLSUnBuRXNEQyUGHY_mLtXIcWyboYr8hg0OQeYMhIzaq8Pd30KtFAxpNGQ52tboBfe2uJBT7AB26aSD8tdH3-oA7TLnVU1hm8NdmvzTTmQkNKfJVrb-RYtCf/s640/IMG_1634.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Additional buildings on the campus include the white building know as The People's Church.<br />
Built from 1819-1821, it served as the Boys' Chapel until the current Boys' Chapel was built in 1907.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Back in County Dublin, in the lush pastoral setting of Rathfarnham, is St. Enda's Boys' School. My family's connection to the school comes from the paternal side of the family tree. According to my late father and his siblings, my paternal granduncle Patrick Geraghty was a member of the teaching staff of St. Enda's School. Patrick went on to teach at University College Cork, but of his time at St. Enda's, so far definitive proof eludes me.</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Founded in 1908 by Pádraig Pearse — he who read the Proclamation of the Irish Republic at the outset of the 1916 Easter Rising — the school stands on 50 acres of woods and parkland. </div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">With the view that conventional education was destroying young minds, instead of nurturing them, Pearse's antipodean methods seemed newer than new, but harkened back to the past and a theory of 'pure learning'. Gaelic culture and language were at the forefront of his educational system, as was Irish Nationalism, and the connection with the natural world was deeply ingrained in his philosophy. </div><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiApCu55eMAM8lovKYM4g9kPSODp1U60TUutobMLyDFVSKJXU0aEjAvxynle8yQ8omam8y45V3aGhz2FqBuXIkZzUE3gQjkgg6wTs_f5i3O8yw8_wBKvlcMtqsYee6z7uBFZ_hKSUm3ifCA/s1600/IMG_3200.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiApCu55eMAM8lovKYM4g9kPSODp1U60TUutobMLyDFVSKJXU0aEjAvxynle8yQ8omam8y45V3aGhz2FqBuXIkZzUE3gQjkgg6wTs_f5i3O8yw8_wBKvlcMtqsYee6z7uBFZ_hKSUm3ifCA/s640/IMG_3200.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 'Hermitage' of St. Enda's School.<br />
It is now the Pearse Museum.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTFaWawt8fqdEJBenLhn47_ocn7h85y7FxeKTdmofABHWULWaI6p0-7tmPrALuDswz9P0kc0jR72PtKdSY3fUtckbiUpPvzNZ6ZebVIa4uT5K_Uj-ncPhYDpJ2ZgnAFBWgMrs0EFU_FAyt/s1600/IMG_3202.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTFaWawt8fqdEJBenLhn47_ocn7h85y7FxeKTdmofABHWULWaI6p0-7tmPrALuDswz9P0kc0jR72PtKdSY3fUtckbiUpPvzNZ6ZebVIa4uT5K_Uj-ncPhYDpJ2ZgnAFBWgMrs0EFU_FAyt/s640/IMG_3202.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Dormitory.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpAePZelhxpN3j97nIJmypV3opKJebP_9hyiYor8xCfuAyYeoUBnyiVdjDqWM-c5O9aHKy7UMcdtQj5Fk7qo39EibH4C8mKfOfyOrtpeRoUlab34WYmQYvEsWnamIDNxYzLnEeYmVeVKbd/s1600/IMG_3206.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpAePZelhxpN3j97nIJmypV3opKJebP_9hyiYor8xCfuAyYeoUBnyiVdjDqWM-c5O9aHKy7UMcdtQj5Fk7qo39EibH4C8mKfOfyOrtpeRoUlab34WYmQYvEsWnamIDNxYzLnEeYmVeVKbd/s640/IMG_3206.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Study Hall as it once looked.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK6Css74-V3oofgLKyrAvuuyhpdpUMkDOZjDvFpeOTwgRSkC3OOYZmvGnnqlBOGv8zRP1krojn5wCoKN063WE3IjCHbf903jVZpgdqeu78lcB_UiHFeUCILwoFngKuU-vajFn8_UKK5vwR/s1600/IMG_3205.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK6Css74-V3oofgLKyrAvuuyhpdpUMkDOZjDvFpeOTwgRSkC3OOYZmvGnnqlBOGv8zRP1krojn5wCoKN063WE3IjCHbf903jVZpgdqeu78lcB_UiHFeUCILwoFngKuU-vajFn8_UKK5vwR/s640/IMG_3205.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Study Hall now stands empty of desks, though little else is changed.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh17lOy6gwQObdKflIcakJ2RysgzCWRCeiTkyWIekLSmQOxgfd01qpKeXNhX6VENZwZknQbQOe0r8BlnZN2DrxutujrQqYS_UcvFPPY5SzY8YVe-qOvVgIMs2CpP1q938ML9WVmTfbn6neq/s1600/IMG_3210.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh17lOy6gwQObdKflIcakJ2RysgzCWRCeiTkyWIekLSmQOxgfd01qpKeXNhX6VENZwZknQbQOe0r8BlnZN2DrxutujrQqYS_UcvFPPY5SzY8YVe-qOvVgIMs2CpP1q938ML9WVmTfbn6neq/s640/IMG_3210.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Chapel as it looked when the school was in operation.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-VMy9zHduoaNrOk51yA2vrpaASm5d08AGV41leE0iQa3JavhtnRUAn2CJUgLMhtfoUj9RN_6gKdqsRl-gOR0h8gKdwoBkoVN7XvlZGXNwqhJGmQf6PvShv72CeM0i4S50EKvGsLzYaV40/s1600/IMG_3208.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-VMy9zHduoaNrOk51yA2vrpaASm5d08AGV41leE0iQa3JavhtnRUAn2CJUgLMhtfoUj9RN_6gKdqsRl-gOR0h8gKdwoBkoVN7XvlZGXNwqhJGmQf6PvShv72CeM0i4S50EKvGsLzYaV40/s640/IMG_3208.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Chapel as it is today.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWWmpOKouRNV40PVBh6sjFAEsU7_TZpl1nyAOiARMYtBge3MIn-JLd5weOzMGqjE9CgW1VMXZuj4D_owfrTvaQciC3_TWPi6otovUaT5xxp_Nd0h0i7HJgckxiUAqF470E0SxGSIoxUXM/s1600/IMG_3181.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQWWmpOKouRNV40PVBh6sjFAEsU7_TZpl1nyAOiARMYtBge3MIn-JLd5weOzMGqjE9CgW1VMXZuj4D_owfrTvaQciC3_TWPi6otovUaT5xxp_Nd0h0i7HJgckxiUAqF470E0SxGSIoxUXM/s640/IMG_3181.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">One of several follies secreted in the lush green landscape of the school.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Leaving behind the grandeur of Clongowes and the pastoral setting of St. Enda's, we head to the urban landscape, and the single simple granite building which comprised the Christian Brothers' School of St. Paul when it was founded in 1869. This was the school as my paternal grandmother's eldest brother Michael Magee knew it when he was in attendance in 1912. The school is located on North Brunswick Street in the Stoneybatter neighbourhood of Dublin City. With the passage of time the school has expanded, with 'modern' additions added on in later years; however, the original building still stands, and now houses the Boys' Primary School.</div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Although their programme of education was not as radical as that of St. Enda's School, nonetheless the Christian Brothers infused their lessons with more than a healthy dose of Irish Nationalism. Gaelic language and culture were also part of the curriculum. Such an education would have a profound impact on Michael Magee's life. In 1913, at the age of 15 years, Michael joined the Irish Volunteers. He fought during the 1916 Easter Rising, and would die as a member of the Active Service Unit in 1921 during the Irish War of Independence. Coincidentally, St. Paul's school fronts the street in an area in which 18 year old Michael was Volunteer Section Leader, serving with 'A' Company, 1st Battalion of the Dublin Brigade during the 1916 Easter Rising.</div><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih7gYdmEqFJSpJOU54S1xycGK4Kx-wgB8Xz-KBo-XwdpQcycrSQou4kGLjLurxmRVnfdR7CMOcszN_G0GOD0KJrb2dSfCWU8cnVMNdio7YF9VcSdoY1WYEqOEgrKcY_Xv8v55DrZ26uXEa/s1600/IMG_1627.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih7gYdmEqFJSpJOU54S1xycGK4Kx-wgB8Xz-KBo-XwdpQcycrSQou4kGLjLurxmRVnfdR7CMOcszN_G0GOD0KJrb2dSfCWU8cnVMNdio7YF9VcSdoY1WYEqOEgrKcY_Xv8v55DrZ26uXEa/s640/IMG_1627.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Christian Brothers' School of St. Paul,<br />
North Brunswick Street, Stoneybatter, Dublin City, County Dublin.<br />
©irisheyesjg.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Be sure to stop by <a href="http://sepiasaturday.blogspot.ca/2015/06/sepia-saturday-285-27-june-2015.html">the Sepia Saturday blog</a> to connect with others and see how they have interpreted today's theme.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJkpyzOCJQKD_M40kiUPn9M3Z_3SkU0LjjEY-FlWRvTfWztlZvhYl4GicmhUIDNbQq7hZYUjfQQDBgd9x5v3VdL7zUFsLbG4zrLFwR9ndmeoV5sEHZ5rzut5KGWRnwMAtZN4i-RFb2mVPv/s1600/2015.05W-106.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJkpyzOCJQKD_M40kiUPn9M3Z_3SkU0LjjEY-FlWRvTfWztlZvhYl4GicmhUIDNbQq7hZYUjfQQDBgd9x5v3VdL7zUFsLbG4zrLFwR9ndmeoV5sEHZ5rzut5KGWRnwMAtZN4i-RFb2mVPv/s320/2015.05W-106.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
©irisheyesjg2015.<br />
All Rights Reserved.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-26216827041221121952015-06-03T05:08:00.000+01:002015-07-04T17:00:54.724+01:00Handwriting & Heredity: Does your handwriting resemble that of an ancestor?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwgSsyAI0Lljt7PHv2mGVqBgHUORik0I4D3u1KW3yc1IKFFrhXui8UPnxITb8oTgpS3YgM8XRVRWlwohOk91XM8VMWFjxfp0x3lvuK1pDbMgjyKeCk6WXuPZKHuxL15HNHqMlQaMNogrxy/s1600/Watermarked+Photo+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwgSsyAI0Lljt7PHv2mGVqBgHUORik0I4D3u1KW3yc1IKFFrhXui8UPnxITb8oTgpS3YgM8XRVRWlwohOk91XM8VMWFjxfp0x3lvuK1pDbMgjyKeCk6WXuPZKHuxL15HNHqMlQaMNogrxy/s640/Watermarked+Photo+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The hands of some Fitzpatrick and Hynes family members.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
For those of us who spend an inordinate amount of time writing on a laptop or desktop computer, when we kick against the traces of the tech world and take a pen in hand, our writing may show those marked changes which can be brought on by the ergonomics of tap, tap, tapping on a keyboard. The movement of our hands and the ability to write may also be affected by the simple wear and tear of daily life, and for some of us, diseases such as arthritis change the way in which our hands move, and thus the way in which we write.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A few days ago while I was perusing records, I noticed the toll ten years had taken on the handwriting and the signature of one of my 2nd great-granduncles. Although the signature is still very much his own, there is a slight shakiness to the way in which the characters are formed.<br />
<br />
When I looked through other documents — letters and the like — I noticed there are similarities in the cursive writing of members of the same families, similarities which appear to have come down through the generations. When you consider your own handwriting, do you ever compare it with that of your parents or grandparents, or perhaps someone further back? Do you notice any resemblance between the characteristics of your writing and that of a family member, or is your cursive hand distinctively different?</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
According to geneticists, there may very well be a gene by which characteristics of handwriting might be passed on through the generations; however, they have yet to discover precisely that gene. Some say it is more likely cursive writing is affected by the way in which a child's fine motor skills are developed through schooling, both formal and otherwise. However, if it is only a matter of schooling, then why is it we might find a great-grandchild whose penmanship mirrors that of his great-grandfather's?</div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Does your handwriting share any traits </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>with the writing of an ancestor or a relative?</b></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiquYYNaW0ZOxmBxjjLdl0Af6eHRj6PJAej2bdYLL7lapq2fUqeeRruDLRUHyRqQQz1i6WeA1UjL3WKjaBcGyHG_h9xB8xKza-GQJ3bZFoYiyP4EjnuNYdttNgplJvwOb6-vcEFEc_QSiNE/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-06-02+at+5.21.07+PM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiquYYNaW0ZOxmBxjjLdl0Af6eHRj6PJAej2bdYLL7lapq2fUqeeRruDLRUHyRqQQz1i6WeA1UjL3WKjaBcGyHG_h9xB8xKza-GQJ3bZFoYiyP4EjnuNYdttNgplJvwOb6-vcEFEc_QSiNE/s640/Screen+Shot+2015-06-02+at+5.21.07+PM.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The signature of paternal great-grandfather Patrick Magee, 1901 Irish Census.<br />
His daughter Mollie wrote with the same flourish, forming her 'M's in the same manner.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIciPFaQF7zbOdwp230cYe0sSyYv7DVJjfuMYulMgAmbziZ1PrzP45LfWobKOJ-j9mHf9jnmq5M5jOKPgSWReqvBg4CyGYH3CMDCoqp2YvcTCCRFc3iV_QpCtXMDKtNsyNFk12YqSBJIJG/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-06-02+at+5.20.32+PM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIciPFaQF7zbOdwp230cYe0sSyYv7DVJjfuMYulMgAmbziZ1PrzP45LfWobKOJ-j9mHf9jnmq5M5jOKPgSWReqvBg4CyGYH3CMDCoqp2YvcTCCRFc3iV_QpCtXMDKtNsyNFk12YqSBJIJG/s640/Screen+Shot+2015-06-02+at+5.20.32+PM.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The signature of paternal great-grandfather Patrick Geraghty, 1901 Irish Census.<br />
His grandson, my father Michael, formed his 'G's in an identical fashion.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX1beDUr13jIsbKS_uBzFp2zA4lKjC5mIQoGdJWghH07aMDmQpCLrpue-3qvBRq_wshGWbdJEHHrzUseCjcCZJT-DfucUuD56z_t3BHCDNbzVXAQw-VREQK7cg4d4jaJhY8CPd9ktPU6AB/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-06-02+at+5.22.57+PM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX1beDUr13jIsbKS_uBzFp2zA4lKjC5mIQoGdJWghH07aMDmQpCLrpue-3qvBRq_wshGWbdJEHHrzUseCjcCZJT-DfucUuD56z_t3BHCDNbzVXAQw-VREQK7cg4d4jaJhY8CPd9ktPU6AB/s640/Screen+Shot+2015-06-02+at+5.22.57+PM.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The signature of paternal great-granduncle William Dunne,<br />
Royal Dublin Fusiliers recruitment record.<br />
William's sister, my great-mother Mary Dunne Magee, wrote with a similar hand.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2psA5nHVYh2ZXnZjCcfeq65Xd6dFmV22wUodb8Tnr8HG8f4P7VNQ0xTBMZLN6m6VV-GEM2K1QNjzl7an7iYD7W3usP5a5ZXD-IF8lrgJW5HIFYJjQPwD-v-4Lt5oD-6b8CLy6iwmazxpU/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-06-02+at+5.21.56+PM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2psA5nHVYh2ZXnZjCcfeq65Xd6dFmV22wUodb8Tnr8HG8f4P7VNQ0xTBMZLN6m6VV-GEM2K1QNjzl7an7iYD7W3usP5a5ZXD-IF8lrgJW5HIFYJjQPwD-v-4Lt5oD-6b8CLy6iwmazxpU/s640/Screen+Shot+2015-06-02+at+5.21.56+PM.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The signature of maternal great-grandfather Thomas Fitzpatrick, 1911 Irish Census.<br />
At least one of his granddaughters forms her 'F's in precisely the same fashion.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
©irisheyesjg2015.</div>
Click on images to view larger versions.</div>
Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-42939184039048704582015-05-04T05:08:00.001+01:002015-07-25T22:40:17.805+01:00Mystery Monday: A curious find in Irish valuation records sparks new questions.<div style="text-align: justify;">
Never let anyone tell you there isn't a little magic and mystery in research.<br />
<br />
Last week I shared with you finds made in the revision books of the Valuation Office in Dublin that allowed me to confirm <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2015/04/irish-valuation-records-tracing-tenancy.html">the provenance of Warblestown House</a>, a home that has been in our family for over 150 years. On that research day I went to the office with a list in hand, and specific goals in mind about exactly what I hoped to accomplish. Some of the items were crossed off my list, and some of those goals were met, but then I got distracted.<br />
<br />
It was late afternoon, and the office was very quiet, when a deep sigh of frustration bellowed out of the lungs of an elderly gentleman who was sitting at a table behind me, doing research of his own. '<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>I know the feeling behind that sort of sigh</i></span>', I said out loud before thinking, adding that I hoped the sound of my camera wasn't disturbing him, since I had been taking photographs shortly before his sigh sounded out. '<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>No, no, not a t'all</i></span>', he graciously replied, in a voice that sounded so familiar I nearly fell off my chair when I spun around to see him. Just for a moment I felt as though I was there with my late father, and it was his voice I had heard.<br />
<br />
When I had sufficiently recovered myself, we made introductions and struck up a conversation. Tom told me he had been searching in the revision books of the Pembroke West district in Dublin City for the record of a family home. Tom was frustrated because what he had been told — by a cousin even older than him — and what the records revealed were at odds with one another. We chatted for a bit, and then Tom decided to pack it in, talk to his cousin, and try again another day.<br />
<br />
Back in 2014, I had searched in exactly the same district as Tom, but in the books of later years, as part of the research included in the post <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2014/10/within-these-walls-life-of-family-80.html">'Within these walls, the life of a family: 80 years on Gordon Street, Ringsend'</a>. I had found the valuation record confirming that in 1923 my maternal grandparents Patrick Ball and Mary Fitzpatrick Ball were tenants in 69 Gordon Street, Dublin. Beyond the record I had been seeking, I sought out nothing else for Gordon Street at that time.<br />
<br />
According to the information I had initially found, in 1923 Patrick Ball was the tenant of Patrick Moran, paying £8 rent for the house at number 69 Gordon Street. Previous tenants are listed as Thomas Sturgeon in 1922, and James Donnelly in 1921. Also, the <a href="http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/reels/nai000118874/">Irish census</a> shows that James Donnelly and his family were the denizens of 69 Gordon Street in 1911.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE7cgBtoLAwkZFwKiX1yep72a6YF8sGTtlTwpOfa6lE0n3rinzlKRsciKYe2s5jkscXEgQI4sgbAgAXxNbX4LMMM-9urDotl8PIIZr9xUzFr0pEKqiuF7wG67ruFBTWmbh9dPn4WCBp6r0/s1600/IMG_1465.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE7cgBtoLAwkZFwKiX1yep72a6YF8sGTtlTwpOfa6lE0n3rinzlKRsciKYe2s5jkscXEgQI4sgbAgAXxNbX4LMMM-9urDotl8PIIZr9xUzFr0pEKqiuF7wG67ruFBTWmbh9dPn4WCBp6r0/s1600/IMG_1465.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">69 Gordon Street, Ringsend, Dublin:<br />
Immediate Lessor: Patrick Moran,<br />
Occupiers: James Donnelly, revised to Thomas Sturgeon, 1922, revised to Patrick Ball, 1923.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<u>Here's the magic and the mystery:</u><br />
<br />
As my fellow researcher Tom approached the service desk to hand in the volume of 1909/1910, and settle out his research costs before leaving for the day, suddenly I felt as though my father was giving me a push and telling me I needed to look at that revision book. I scurried over to the desk and asked if I might have it before they returned it to storage, and they obliged me.<br />
<br />
Not focussed on a specific find, I decided to browse through the volume. As I settled on one of the pages for Gordon Street, I came upon a surprising entry.<br />
<br />
In the 1910 book, Patrick Ball is listed as the occupier of 69 Gordon Street.<br />
<br />
Patrick Ball on Gordon Street in 1910? 'Who is <b><i>this</i></b> 'Patrick Ball?', I wondered.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLKrVLOAWualwsjmNB48MiBGDVNkJHUig024zNJApOve-klMtIXcVuJp94uAudxd8AedJvUUTjq2gcClXCEL2yigf3MsIbmnsv8c5OdjxhsVZPkZKGToM9kyQ3cpX-8fUAvILEldm_T6aX/s1600/IMG_1461.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLKrVLOAWualwsjmNB48MiBGDVNkJHUig024zNJApOve-klMtIXcVuJp94uAudxd8AedJvUUTjq2gcClXCEL2yigf3MsIbmnsv8c5OdjxhsVZPkZKGToM9kyQ3cpX-8fUAvILEldm_T6aX/s1600/IMG_1461.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In the 1910 book, Patrick Ball is listed as the occupier of 69 Gordon Street.<br />
Click on image to view larger version.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In 1909, I believe, my maternal grandfather Patrick Ball was living with his parents and siblings on Fishamble Street in Dublin. His father, my great-grandfather Francis Ball (son of my 2nd great-grandfather Patrick Ball), died in the infirmary of the South Dublin Union Workhouse, and although Francis' death registration records the place of death as the workhouse, it gives the family address in 1909 as Fishamble Street. (see <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2012/03/certificate-read-place-of-death.html">The Certificate read 'Place of Death: The Workhouse'</a>). The workhouse register shows the Fishamble Street address, and Stafford Street in Dublin as Francis' last addresses, prior to the workhouse infirmary. The Stafford Street address also appears in the record of the Glasnevin burial register.<br />
<br />
The <a href="http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Dublin/North_City/Stafford_St_/39101/">census of Ireland</a> shows that in 1911 my grandfather Patrick Ball was living with his siblings, Christopher and Mary, and their widowed mother Jane in Stafford Street, Dublin. Based on the records of Francis Ball, it appears the family moved there in 1909.<br />
<br />
<u>Questions, questions, questions:</u><br />
<br />
Is the Patrick Ball living at 69 Gordon Street in 1910 my maternal grandfather?<br />
OR<br />
Is it possible that this Patrick Ball is my 2nd great-grandfather, father of Francis Ball, and my Patrick Ball's grandfather?<br />
(<span style="color: red;">After the fact edit</span> — insert knock on the head here — 2nd great-grandfather Patrick Ball died in 1884, so he could not have been resident in Gordon Street in 1910, at least not in corporeal form.)<br />
OR<br />
Is this Patrick Ball not connected to me at all?<br />
<br />
Is it possible that in 1909 my grandfather Patrick Ball was living with his family in Fishamble Street, and then moved to Stafford Street later in 1909, and then in 1910 was the tenant of 69 Gordon Street? Did he move back to Stafford Street in 1911, only to move back into 69 Gordon Street thirteen years later, in 1923, with his wife and baby son in tow? I'm exhausted just thinking about it.<br />
<br />
Is it possible? Yes, it is in the realm of possibility, but is it probable?<br />
Is it more likely than not that the Patrick Ball who lived at 69 Gordon Street in 1910 and the Patrick Ball who lived there in 1923 are one in the same?<br />
<br />
I'm not so sure about that likelihood.<br />
<br />
More research is definitely in order, but I do like a good mystery.<br />
<br />
Thanks Dad for being on my mind that day, and giving me a push!<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YXg0YIGF7Jdrhy1zfOIPDmMse0kp5HkKfLlwuhmeCPKPL1hOyrXDE_dVsXBaeHYsnlkJzr7yvDou7GC3cLJw2j0gLr0Nue9grOaG4SdUZWItB7_2YXm9qz_B_yPCOlEEEEm5zpQUZFFp/s1600/IMG_1453.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YXg0YIGF7Jdrhy1zfOIPDmMse0kp5HkKfLlwuhmeCPKPL1hOyrXDE_dVsXBaeHYsnlkJzr7yvDou7GC3cLJw2j0gLr0Nue9grOaG4SdUZWItB7_2YXm9qz_B_yPCOlEEEEm5zpQUZFFp/s1600/IMG_1453.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The tome of Pembroke West revisions, 1909-1910.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
©irisheyesjg2015.</div>
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Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-45372472226657715062015-05-01T05:01:00.000+01:002016-05-01T13:31:01.545+01:00Bealtaine: An Irish springtime celebration of optimism<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Bealtaine</i> is the Irish word for the month of May, and also the word used to denote the springtime celebrations and festivals that take place in Ireland on the first of May — <i>Lá Bealtaine</i> or May Day — and throughout the month of May. All around the world you will find many countries in which there are celebrations of May Day as the beginning of a new cycle of life.</div>
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According to historians, in Ireland the month of May has long been a time for celebrations of the optimistic variety, going all the way back to the time of the ancient Celts. The people would hold festivals with music and dancing, and build huge bonfires for purification and renewal. All this was done in praise of the natural world in order to optimistically welcome the planting season, and with it renewed hope for a successful future harvest.<br />
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These days during the month of May, all over Ireland there are festivals that mark with optimism the coming of spring. <a href="http://duchas.ie/download/15.04.30-la-bealtaine-en.pdf">Duchas.ie</a> has a lovely PDF you can download featuring information about May Day traditions around Ireland.<br />
<br />
Here are just a few of the festivals and events going on in Ireland in the month of May:<br />
<br />
The '<a href="http://bealtaine.com/">Bealtaine Festival: Celebrating creativity as we age'</a>, is a festival that inspires young and old to reach their full potential, with events held from the 1st to the 31st day of May in many locations throughout Ireland.<br />
<br />
Even Glasnevin Cemetery is in on the festivities with the <a href="http://shop.glasnevintrust.ie/products/bealtaine-festival-2015-literary-tour?utm_source=Education&utm_campaign=94bcf756fa-May_in_Glasnevin_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_28024ddf54-94bcf756fa-81954165&mc_cid=94bcf756fa&mc_eid=2ec7ed2537">Bealtaine Festival 2015 Literary Tour</a> on the 10th day of May.<br />
<br />
The <a href="http://feilenabealtaine.ie/home/">Féile na Bealtaine Arts Festival</a> in Dingle town, County Kerry, from the 30th of April to the 4th of May is a celebration that 'aims to extend and broaden the community's artistic horizons' while entertaining locals and visitors alike.<br />
<br />
The <a href="http://punchestown.com/">Punchestown Horse Racing Festival</a> at Punchestown, just south of Naas, County Kildare and not far from Dublin City, runs from 28th of April to the 2nd of May. Not strictly a spring festival as such, Punchestown is one of the highlights of the Irish horse racing calendar. It is very much a family affair, with music and all sorts of entertainment. The perfect place to don a beautiful hat, walk out in your Sunday best, and watch the races.</div>
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With springtime celebrations in mind I was thinking about what it is that makes me feel optimistic, and which images might express that optimism. On this <i>Lá Bealtaine</i> (Law B-yel-teh-ne), in celebration of optimism, here are a few of my favourite images that make me feel hopeful.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>Shona Lá Bealtaine go léir!</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>Happy May Day to All!</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sAAoXg_Exk4/UX5249S6h_I/AAAAAAAAHA0/2L40N6anu3s/s1600/Page+1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sAAoXg_Exk4/UX5249S6h_I/AAAAAAAAHA0/2L40N6anu3s/s640/Page+1.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Observing people together, just having fun and enjoying life, sparks the light of optimism, whether it's family traipsing through St. Stephen's Green on the occasion of a wedding, or buskers on Grafton Street, enthusiastic football fans on the train from County Mayo, or skilled polo players in the Phoenix Park. All of these remind me that people are basically good, and want to enjoy life and make each other happy, and that definitely makes me feel optimistic.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0JeZQrQMig0/UX5hGHjBrYI/AAAAAAAAHAk/_0ZuY1wbXe8/s1600/IMG_1142.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0JeZQrQMig0/UX5hGHjBrYI/AAAAAAAAHAk/_0ZuY1wbXe8/s640/IMG_1142.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Seeing the beauty of stained glass windows makes me feel optimistic. At times it seems as though some people are only capable of wreaking havoc and causing ruination; however, the fact that others chose to skillfully apply their hand to crafting intricate pieces such as these, for the enjoyment of their fellowmen, just has to make you feel hopeful. These windows are from St. Mary's Church in Westport, County Mayo.</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pQ5V4Trc5wQ/UX4odN8CmpI/AAAAAAAAG_0/Mwgg4QZW4nk/s1600/Cliffs+of+Moher+framed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="434" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pQ5V4Trc5wQ/UX4odN8CmpI/AAAAAAAAG_0/Mwgg4QZW4nk/s640/Cliffs+of+Moher+framed.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Looking over the grandeur of the Cliffs of Moher in County Clare, with the ocean waves crashing at their base in perfect rhythm, reminds me of the fact that we humans are a small part of the whole picture. We have been given the privilege of living in this big and beautiful world, and that always makes me feel optimistic.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OwFub0s2oQc/UX5gcydAIGI/AAAAAAAAHAU/RaNX0-aLh0o/s1600/IMG_1147.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OwFub0s2oQc/UX5gcydAIGI/AAAAAAAAHAU/RaNX0-aLh0o/s640/IMG_1147.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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On a morning flight travelling back from Ireland in 2011, the plane flew in a parabolic arch, cruising over Greenland. The mountainous region of the land was perfectly visible in the light of the morning sun. I shot these images out of a small round window in the front galley of the plane. The natural splendour of Greenland, and the colour from this perspective, was awe inspiring. Seeing it made me hopeful that no matter what happens in the world, nature will prevail, and that makes me feel optimistic.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FwPS26F1a1A/UX4s4EjpfcI/AAAAAAAAHAE/r0jsxE9xL7E/s1600/IMG_1146.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FwPS26F1a1A/UX4s4EjpfcI/AAAAAAAAHAE/r0jsxE9xL7E/s640/IMG_1146.jpg" width="443" /></a></div>
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Being able to coax this exquisite bloom out of a hibiscus plant in my back garden a couple of summers ago makes me feel optimistic, because of the possibility that, if I find my green thumb, it might just happen again.</div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">What makes you feel optimistic? </span></b></div>
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Copyright©irisheyesjg2015.<br />
Click on images to view larger versions.<br />
To hear pronunciations of <i>Bealtaine</i> visit <a href="http://www.forvo.com/word/bealtaine/">Forvo</a>.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-72566562642337773472015-04-14T05:08:00.000+01:002015-08-12T07:41:41.998+01:00Tuesday's Tips: Is someone playing 'Telephone' with your Irish family history?<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Gw5HR2Y1LOQ/T4BxKniBJCI/AAAAAAAAEC0/fMmDA_iIUVo/s1600/telephonegirl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Gw5HR2Y1LOQ/T4BxKniBJCI/AAAAAAAAEC0/fMmDA_iIUVo/s400/telephonegirl.jpg" width="317" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">'Well let me tell you, as the story goes...'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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This post evolved out of a reader's comment on an earlier blog post, a comment that referenced the childhood game of 'telephone'. Thinking about that game led me to consider the ways in which a family story can change as it is passed down, much like the story in the game of telephone.<br />
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Perhaps when you were a child you played the telephone game, also called the gossip game, or the whisper game, and probably lots of other names too.</div>
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<br />
With a group of your friends you would sit in a circle. One member of the group would begin by whispering a story to the person beside them, who would then whisper it to a second person, and so on, all around the circle until you reached the last person. He/she then had to recount the story he/she had been told.<br />
<br />
The story that emerged from the final player was often very different from the one first told. We played this game at a sleepover party when I was in elementary school, and I remember howling with laughter, because it seemed that the larger the group, the more cockeyed was the story that emerged in the end.<br />
<br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">So...</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Is someone playing 'Telephone' with your Irish family history?</span></b></div>
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There are a lot of clues that can reveal to us just why the inherited 'history' of an ancestor may not be quite correct; however, that does not mean there isn't some truth to the story. Just as in the telephone game, the narrative may simply have become somewhat skewed along the way as it was passed down.<br />
<br />
There are a number of elements, such as timeline, geography, and extant evidence, that we can look at to help us uncover the truth of the matter. Each of the stories I have included here was passed on as actual family history.</div>
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<b>1.</b> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>Timeline</b>:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Story</b>:<br />
<br />
'Martin' says his uncle joined the Irish Volunteers in the autumn of 1921, and was one of the Volunteers who fought in the General Post Office [GPO] during the Easter Rising.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Problem</b>:<br />
<br />
The 1916 Easter Rising took place in, well, 1916. If Martin's uncle did not enlist in the Irish Volunteers until the autumn of 1921, then he would not have taken part in the 1916 Rising, at least not as a member of the Irish Volunteers.<br />
<br />
<b>Solution: </b><br />
<br />
With respect to the 1916 Easter Rising, the fact is men who were members of the Irish Volunteers, and women who were in Cumann na mBan, were assigned to various battalions and companies, and each of these was assigned to a particular place during the Rising.<br />
<br />
Sometimes, when it comes to the 1916 Easter Rising, it seems as though every Tom, Dick and Harry claims to have a relative who fought in the GPO. Such claims may stem from the fact that the GPO is the best known site of battle; however, it was most certainly not the only location in which fighting took place during the Rising. There are extant lists of those who fought during the 1916 Rising, along with the locations in which they fought. (See: <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2012/01/tuesdays-tips-going-to-bookshelf-to.html">Going to the bookshelf to find family history</a>)<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
If Martin's uncle joined the Irish Volunteers in the autumn of 1921, that was after the Truce of July 1921, so he may have been involved in the Irish Civil War, either as a volunteer with the Anti-Treaty forces — Eamon de Valera's men, known as the 'Irregulars' — or as a soldier in the National Army of the Irish Free State under the command of General Michael Collins or General Richard Mulcahy. Contacting the Irish government, via the Military Pensions Office (see <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2012/08/tuesdays-tips-granny-was-in-ira-turning.html">'Granny was in the IRA': Turning a story into a history</a>), to find out if there is an extant military pension application record may help him uncover the whole story.<br />
<br />
Also, Martin might make use of websites such as <a href="http://www.militaryarchives.ie/en/home/">The Bureau of Military History Archives</a> [BMHA], which has <a href="http://www.militaryarchives.ie/en/collections/online-collections/military-archives-irish-army-census-records">the Irish Army Census</a> for those who were serving in the National Army of the Irish Free State as of November 1922. He may find his uncle gave a statement or is mentioned in the <a href="http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/index.html">BMHA Witness Statements</a>. As well, the BMHA has made available online many of the <a href="http://www.militaryarchives.ie/en/collections/online-collections/military-service-pensions-collection">military pension application records</a> of those who participated in the Easter Rising.<sup><span style="color: blue;">1</span></sup></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i5lPOQKS3es/UXP3nll2STI/AAAAAAAAG6I/RnddKQzAy74/s1600/IMG_1135.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i5lPOQKS3es/UXP3nll2STI/AAAAAAAAG6I/RnddKQzAy74/s640/IMG_1135.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Four Courts, another significant site during The 1916 Easter Rising.<br />
Members of 'A' Company, First Battalion, Dublin Brigade<br />
fought from here, under the command of Edward 'Ned' Daly.<br />
©irisheyesjg2012.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>Extra Tips:</b><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
If you believe your family members may have participated in rebellions or military activity in Ireland, consider creating a timeline for each of those persons on your family tree.<br />
<br />
Notice which events mesh with the dates on your timeline:<br />
<br />
Are there possible connections to the 1798 Rebellion, the 1803 Rebellion, the Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848?<br />
<br />
Was anyone in your family involved in the 'The Tithe War' or the 'The Land War'? Strictly speaking neither of these was a war, but each one is marked by acts of non-violent civil disobedience and agrarian agitation. As well, during the Tithe War there were violent clashes that resulted in fatalities. The Tithe War dates to 1831-36. The Land War was a long period of civil unrest and agrarian agitation that lasted almost three decades beginning in 1870.<br />
<br />
Would your ancestors have been of an age to have participated in the 1916 Easter Rising, the Irish War of Independence 1919-1921, or the Irish Civil War 1922-1923?<br />
<br />
Make use of websites that offer access to Irish Prison Registers. You may find ancestors who were interned for distributing seditious materials, such as newsletters and flyers. Perhaps your ancestors are among those who were imprisoned for 'agrarian agitation' or for 'unlawful assembly' during the Land War. (View Prison Registers on <a href="http://findmypast.ie/">FindMyPast.ie</a>: a paid site that includes images, or on <a href="https://familysearch.org/search/collection/2043780">FamilySearch.org</a>: a free site that has some restrictions on access to images.)</div>
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<b>2. <span style="font-size: large;">Geography</span></b><span style="font-size: large;">:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Story</b>:<br />
<br />
'Sinéad', who is searching for Mayo ancestors, says her family story tells of her Westport born great-grandfather being imprisoned in late 19th century in the gaol at Naas (pronounced 'nace', as in 'place') because he prevented Mayo fishermen from fishing locally in the Irish sea.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Problem</b>:<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUSCRJJo3bGRPPZYbTNI-n18-BXuhf5dDLsrRJm19ZgRrC-HzOnfWgwetcjbteXkt7tuH2jaZdYBOLW7SeRk03401lpxgUsMEZErK_QnhBgu1z9GSGQup0JtXZcUXk5kRXrRzPkGINV6g3/s1600/IMG_0397.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUSCRJJo3bGRPPZYbTNI-n18-BXuhf5dDLsrRJm19ZgRrC-HzOnfWgwetcjbteXkt7tuH2jaZdYBOLW7SeRk03401lpxgUsMEZErK_QnhBgu1z9GSGQup0JtXZcUXk5kRXrRzPkGINV6g3/s1600/IMG_0397.jpg" width="253" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Credit: Magellan Geographics.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
There are a couple of problems with this story. First, County Mayo is on the west coast of Ireland, and the Irish sea is on the east coast of Ireland, so Mayo fisherman would not have fished 'locally' in the Irish sea.<br />
<br />
There are quite a number of areas in Mayo where fishermen would have fished in the 19th century. In addition to the bays of the Atlantic Ocean, fishing for profit was also done in lakes and rivers. As well, there are various types of 'fishing' to be considered, such as salmon and trout, eel and oysters.<br />
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Second, Naas Gaol is in Naas, County Kildare, so it is unlikely — though not impossible — that he would have been imprisoned there. For a crime committed in or near Westport, it is more likely he was interned at Castlebar Gaol.<br />
<br />
Also, just as we think of tenancy of the land, and renting a place to live, so too, there was tenancy of the natural world, so to speak, with leases covering the various bodies of water, and landlords holding rights over access to the fish on their lands (as well as rights over hunting and fowl).<br />
<br />
In the 19th century, in the west of Ireland these leases were strictly managed, with lease holders taking legal action against anyone who infringed on their rights.<sup><span style="color: blue;">2</span></sup></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Solution:</b><br />
<br />
Sinéad's great-grandfather may very well have been imprisoned, but the particulars of his internment may be a bit skewed. Again, look at Irish Prison Registers and Petty Sessions Court Registers from the area in which he lived, to see if you can find him in the records, and discover the real reason for his internment.<br />
<br />
Also, the right to fish was a transferable asset, so rights for fishing show up in property sales in the Encumbered Estates Court. Sinéad may want to consult the Landed Estate Court Rental records on sites such as <a href="https://familysearch.org/search/collection/2040586">FamilySearch.org</a> and <a href="http://search.findmypast.ie/search-world-Records/landed-estates-court-rentals-1850-1885">FindMyPast.ie</a> to see if there is any mention of her great-grandfather having fishing rights as a part of a tenancy agreement.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<b>Extra Tip</b>:<br />
<br />
Map out the locations of your ancestors on the island of Ireland to see what patterns might emerge, and notice what makes sense and what seems a little off.</div>
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<b>3. <span style="font-size: large;">Legitimate evidence exists which counters a claim:</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Story:</b><br />
<br />
'Patrick' is researching his family's connection to the Irish War of Independence and says his family told him that two cousins were shot and killed in Croke Park on Bloody Sunday in the summer of 1919.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Problem</b>:<br />
<br />
Two problems with this story: First, Bloody Sunday did not happen in the summer of 1919. That terrible day occurred on 21 November 1920, more than a year after the deaths of his cousins. Additionally, comprehensive information about those killed and wounded in Croke Park on that day is extant, and his cousins are not named in that data.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Solution: </b><br />
<br />
Since Patrick knows that his cousins died in the summer of 1919, acquiring copies of the registration records of their deaths — assuming those deaths were registered — will be the most helpful thing he can do. Those records will state the actual cause(s) of death, likely clearing up the details of his family story.<br />
<br />
The fact that both cousins died in the summer of 1919 hints at a couple of possibilities. They may have fallen victim to the Spanish Flu which continued to take lives in Ireland well into 1919 (see <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2014/03/sepia-saturday-218-sudden-death-in-bow.html">Sudden Death in Bow Bridge: The Flu Pandemic in Ireland</a>), or there may have been an incident or accident that resulted in both of their deaths.<br />
<br />
The death registration records will bear out any of these as possibilities.<br />
<br />
In order to find a reference to an incident or accident, Patrick may want to consult newspapers, via such sites as the <a href="https://www.irishnewsarchive.com/">Irish News Archive</a>, which holds more than 40 Irish newspaper titles covering a period of over 300 years, and the <a href="http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/">British Newspaper Archive</a>, which holds a significant number of Irish titles. <a href="http://www.irishtimes.com/archive">The Irish Times Archive</a>, is also a valuable asset for uncovering stories during this time period.<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-small;"> </span>Each one of these is a paid site that has a number of subscription options.<br />
<br />
Also, Patrick can use this as an opportunity to learn more about Irish history by reading about the Irish War of Independence, and incidents such as Bloody Sunday. Although relatives may not have been killed or wounded during these events, learning about the conflict may give him a better understanding of what life may have been like for his family members in the period. (see <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2012/01/tuesdays-tips-going-to-bookshelf-to.html">Going to the bookshelf...</a>)<br />
<br />
<b>Extra Tip</b>:<br />
<br />
Always break down the story to its most bare elements, in this case the death of an individual/ individuals, then choose the best starting source for information, in this case the registration of a death or deaths.</div>
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<b>4.</b> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Some elements of the story simply cannot be true:</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Story</b>:<br />
<br />
'Enya' was told her great-grandmother was in Cumann na mBan — the women's council of the Irish Volunteers — and in order to help during the War of Independence (1919-1921) this great-grandmother had her gold Irish dancing medals melted down, and she donated the gold to the IRA.</div>
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<b>Problem</b>:<br />
<br />
Although Irish dance medals were awarded in competition dating back to the late 19th century, with the formation of the Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge, 1893), they were never made of solid gold that could be melted down.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ3B9bpacrCW4sLBqK3N1kpgc5hWQYvDmhySOnZprN6AvRfpEIjz6q81TgsT90hyAhjAXTuxRSU_h7jO7ohBT29Gc69okNX6IDnnCilo3pqvT9-1-9QUBBpkJjotKq4xBLp8o7RJe9Y4XD/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-04-13+at+12.08.24+PM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ3B9bpacrCW4sLBqK3N1kpgc5hWQYvDmhySOnZprN6AvRfpEIjz6q81TgsT90hyAhjAXTuxRSU_h7jO7ohBT29Gc69okNX6IDnnCilo3pqvT9-1-9QUBBpkJjotKq4xBLp8o7RJe9Y4XD/s1600/Screen+Shot+2015-04-13+at+12.08.24+PM.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Irish Dance Medal awarded at the 1912 Oireachtas Competition<br />
to Dubliner Mary Moran who was 'victorious in dancing'.<br />
Photo credit: Antony Wilson, Professional Numismatist.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>Solution:</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Although the medals part of the story cannot be true, this great-grandmother may very well have been a member of Cumann na mBan. Again in this case, contacting the Irish government, via the Military Pensions Office, to find out if there is an extant military pension application supporting her great-grandmother's membership in Cumann na mBan, may help in uncovering the whole story. (See <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2012/08/tuesdays-tips-granny-was-in-ira-turning.html">'Granny was in the IRA': Turning a story into a history</a>)<br />
<br />
<b>Extra Tip</b>:<br />
<br />
Always welcome with warmth and appreciation any family stories that are passed on; however, keep a keen ear for something that sounds slightly amiss, and ask yourself if it makes sense.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>5. <span style="font-size: large;">Attaching someone famous to the family tree:</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Story:</b><br />
<br />
'Margaret', with the surname Pierce/Pearse (that is how she put it), wrote to me saying her family looks forward to commemorating the 1916 Easter Rising every year because Padráig Pearse was her grandfather.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Problem:</b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMcfoJwS724scRk91z7QdYJDpCyH6pA-lA5ikW9mjOVXdov_1gFfcpfkZazJc8UNlQjDZVXEzmeyq7Wx7RMBU_e4gW-e1T7Y8g4qRgoCpQaNABJ4YoZ-e7VWQF9lb3_oMMW48JAYf7ne4B/s1600/IMG_3195.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMcfoJwS724scRk91z7QdYJDpCyH6pA-lA5ikW9mjOVXdov_1gFfcpfkZazJc8UNlQjDZVXEzmeyq7Wx7RMBU_e4gW-e1T7Y8g4qRgoCpQaNABJ4YoZ-e7VWQF9lb3_oMMW48JAYf7ne4B/s1600/IMG_3195.jpg" width="327" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bust of Padráig Pearse,<br />
on the grounds of the Museum of<br />
St. Enda's School, Rathfarnham, Dublin.<br />
©irisheyesjg2014.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The surname difference is the least of Margaret's worries. The very significant problem with this claim is that at the time of his execution in 1916, Padráig Pearse was not married and had no children (real, alleged, or imagined), so it would not be possible for him to have grandchildren.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Padráig Pearse is the man most readily associated with the Easter Rising. He was an orator, teacher and founder of St. Enda's Boys' School.<br />
<br />
Also, Pearse was the man chosen to read the 'Proclamation of the Irish Republic', on the steps of the General Post Office in Dublin, at the start of the 1916 Easter Rising on Monday 24 April 1916. Both Padráig Pearse and his brother William were executed by firing squad on in the stone breaker's yard at Kilmainham Gaol, Dublin. Padráig on 3 May and William on 4 May, 1916.</div>
<br />
<b>Solution:</b><br />
<br />
Although Padráig Pearse is not Margaret's grandfather, it is possible she might be connected to his family in some other way. Pearse's brother William was like his brother, unmarried and without children, so she would not be connected to him. She might be connected to one of Pearse's relatives; however, any claim of a connection would require actual proof, so looking at primary source documents is essential.<br />
<br />
<b>Extra Tips:</b><br />
<br />
Working 'from the outside to the inside' often proves problematic when it comes to family history/genealogy; however, this tends to be something people do when they want to attach someone famous to their family tree. (See <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2012/02/tuesdays-tip-family-history-problem-of.html">Family History: The problem of researching from the outside in...</a>) Often such researchers fail to appreciate the fact that sharing the same surname as someone famous doesn't mean they are connected to that person.<br />
<br />
Seek out well-documented family trees for famous people to whom you may be connected. Some of these can be found online.<br />
<br />
With respect, don't be a surname collector. Attach someone to your family tree only if you can prove that they are actually connected to you.<br />
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">In conclusion:</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
As is the case with the telephone game, the narrative which emerges when a family story is passed down may have some element of truth in it, but that truth may have gotten a little mixed up along the way. By consulting the large number of resources available to help us, we can get to the bottom of the story, and turn it into an actual history.</div>
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©irisheyesjg2015.<br />
<br />
<u>Footnotes:</u><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. Military Pension application records<span style="text-align: justify;"> are available only for those persons who applied for a service pension, or whose surviving family members applied for a survivor's pension.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Bureau of Military History Archives at Cathal Brugha Military Base in Dublin is an excellent archive for information, some of which can be accessed online, about ancestors or family members who may have participated in military action. Within their stellar collection are materials pertaining to the 1916 Easter Rising and The Irish War of Independence of 1919-21, as well as some materials germane to the Irish Civil War of 1922-23.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2. Lane, Pádraig G., '<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Galway and Mayo Fisheries in the Mid-Nineteenth: Transferable Assets</i></span>' in The Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, Vol. 62, (2010), pp. 144-156. Accessed through JSTOR Digital library.</div>
<br />
Thanks to <a href="http://graphicsfairy.blogspot.ca/">The Graphics Fairy</a> for the image of the girl on the telephone.<br />
Portions of this post originally appeared on this blog in 2012.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-28269006096651351302015-04-05T05:08:00.000+01:002015-04-05T05:08:00.702+01:00Happy Easter, to you and yours!<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"><i>Wishing our family and friends, the world over, a very Happy Easter!</i></span></div>
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©irisheyesjg2015.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-8786371264285737782015-04-01T05:01:00.000+01:002015-05-03T13:03:32.871+01:00'A wig maker of Dublin with propense malice' & other Parish Register oddments<div style="text-align: justify;">
In addition to searching for the baptism and marriage records of ancestors, and other family members, one of the best things about perusing Roman Catholic parish registers, on microfilm at the National Library of Ireland, is that sometimes you come across odd little stories and amusing details that bring to life, foibles and all, some of the individuals who created these records so very long ago. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In the parish register for Lusk, County Dublin, dating to 1763, the following story is related of the Reverend James Strong, whose death was apparently precipitated by the actions of a Mr. Tyans — [Tryans] — a malicious wig maker from Dublin. Tsk, tsk, tsk.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWFwlwzT2wPS6NG15fFa0EvaojLdPc6vkiwcrRHq0SQks7XQ3vfRVTyyruc3SaTV-aGp11wl9MmYPzi0bks7DidMld-47YGT6A8td7vgZxgwJJPDSzucAPW1V-uQWbUUis3jJ1hvphOIoZ/s1600/IMG_0002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWFwlwzT2wPS6NG15fFa0EvaojLdPc6vkiwcrRHq0SQks7XQ3vfRVTyyruc3SaTV-aGp11wl9MmYPzi0bks7DidMld-47YGT6A8td7vgZxgwJJPDSzucAPW1V-uQWbUUis3jJ1hvphOIoZ/s1600/IMG_0002.jpg" height="372" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
It reads:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>The Reverend James Strong, Native of the Parish of Holy-wood, succeeded W. Bethel. He administered this parish five years, and some months, and was a truly pious & zealous priest. He was removed to Swords by Doctor FitzSimons, and lived there about two years and a half in general esteem. He was cut in his leg by the lash of a horse at the funeral of one of his Parishioners. One Tyans [Tryans], a wig maker of Dublin, with propense malice, made his horse kick behind at Mr. Strong & cut him. He followed Mr. Strong to his house, and struck him, wounded as he was, at his own door. The mob of Swords, at Mr. Strong’s own earnest request, let him go with his life. Mr. Strong’s leg was laid open in Dublin. A fever superseded and he died universally regretted. </i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Although we will likely never know the truth, the details of the story make me wonder about the nature of the relationship between the wig maker and the priest.<br />
<br />
Why did Tyans the wig maker have such enmity for the priest?<br />
Was Tyans angry because he was owed money for a wig he had made for the pious Reverend?<br />
Why did Tyans follow the Reverend Strong to his home and continue to assault him?<br />
Was the wig maker known to the village, or was he a simply a dangerous stranger from Dublin?<br />
From whence came the 'mob of Swords', and did any of my family members play a part in it?<br />
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
The parish register of Donabate reveals that on 30 December 1798, the wedding day of my 4th great-grandparents <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2014/12/william-cavenaugh-and-mary-brien-30-dec.html">William Cavenaugh and Mary Brien</a>, in addition to the child for whom they stood as godparents, three other children were baptized that day.<br />
<br />
Seems it was quite a busy day for the poor fellow who recorded these events. Although he makes note of the individual baptisms, he cannot fully recollect all of the details about those who were baptized. He refers to them as '<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>a child</i></span>' and '<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>a boy and girl whos[e] names I forget</i></span>'. He does manage to note the names of the parents in the first case; however, in the second case while the names are likely those of the parents, and that of a sponsor, it is unclear because he includes no such notation.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-CmfjNXJAvWyGWyrAAWiPp2dFCzUIm50YjY3_eEsnwsYOF8lvRStU7wI4HUCPf0oV7IrmoeawUKQ1_ZdBs5kvvdWM8hCs5Hn1HBNtwBvqrEFYVS3ukh9OOS56mhRZbnj6sdHBpmOsnrEP/s1600/IMG_0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-CmfjNXJAvWyGWyrAAWiPp2dFCzUIm50YjY3_eEsnwsYOF8lvRStU7wI4HUCPf0oV7IrmoeawUKQ1_ZdBs5kvvdWM8hCs5Hn1HBNtwBvqrEFYVS3ukh9OOS56mhRZbnj6sdHBpmOsnrEP/s1600/IMG_0001.jpg" height="186" width="640" /></a></div>
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The entries read:</div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>eadez Die [Latin translates to: the same day]</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>B: A Child of Peter Carpenter and Wife Margaret</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Bap A Boy and Girl Whos[e] names I forget</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Jean & Christopher Thorn & Briget Nugent</i></span><br />
<br />
('B' signifies 'born of'; 'Bap' signifies Baptism)<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
*********************<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Returning to the parish register of Lusk, and an entry from 1761, in which the Pastor of Lusk expresses disdain at the record keeping talents of his predecessor the Reverend Teeling, whose marriage records Mr. Mooney 'faithfully transcribed'.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSD7Wmp-lXMiE8Zp8kZeSnhIhDtYfAf_H9JfBu0c7tNSn6XhUiS6xjKoW1nzEbaTq_RzAYDkyU0NyXw_TQBg7GLtRXZZf9RUSam24xtfgaCG3YWID1qrbcgsUY9gnLgn9r78034y1pkjEQ/s1600/IMG_0005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSD7Wmp-lXMiE8Zp8kZeSnhIhDtYfAf_H9JfBu0c7tNSn6XhUiS6xjKoW1nzEbaTq_RzAYDkyU0NyXw_TQBg7GLtRXZZf9RUSam24xtfgaCG3YWID1qrbcgsUY9gnLgn9r78034y1pkjEQ/s1600/IMG_0005.jpg" height="276" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Reverend Mooney writes,<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Mr. Teeling's marriage register ends here — He never mentioned the names of Witnesses at his marriages — He barely said they were married in the presence of Parents, friends or neighbours — I have accurately & faithfully transcribed them as I found them in Mr. Teeling's hand-writing.</i></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>*********************</b></div>
<br />
The last in this quartet of oddments is an entry from the parish of Lusk that introduces the register entries of 1762. It gives what amounts to a biography of the life of the Reverend Robert Bethel, and is rounded out with a paean of praise for Mr. Bethel's positive attributes.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4VTRdETx74KQV62Mh4P_YgIeBRo6mE86239A_InNkGCc_d_wGepV3ZrJDoqEtYbmGwCCHR6cJosMdQtYoizChaVadP8qL_z9LRY8mGn2OyOn7tY3iPeKplnHyO0PNtQN6OKweCz1losyW/s1600/IMG_0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4VTRdETx74KQV62Mh4P_YgIeBRo6mE86239A_InNkGCc_d_wGepV3ZrJDoqEtYbmGwCCHR6cJosMdQtYoizChaVadP8qL_z9LRY8mGn2OyOn7tY3iPeKplnHyO0PNtQN6OKweCz1losyW/s1600/IMG_0001.jpg" height="372" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
It reads,<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>The Rev'd Robert Bethel, native of Dublin, took up session of the parish of Lusk, May 1st 1762. He administered this parish about a year and eight months, and was translated to Swords, thence to Chappel-Izod, thence to Crumlin. He was Dean of this District, & afterwards Dean at Swords; a pious priest, a zealous Pastor, an elegant Preacher, a warm cordial friend, eminent in the grave studies of his profession, and the polite reading of a Gentleman.</i></span><br />
<br />
It may speak more to my suspicious mind than it does to his words; however, I cannot help wondering why the writer heaps such praise upon Mr. Bethel. Did it have anything to do with wanting to remain in the Reverend's good graces, given that Mr. Bethel became Dean of the district, or was it a genuine expression of amity?<br />
<br />
It is perhaps reassuring to know that people in the 18th century were capable of the same sorts of inclinations and lapses — praise and deep enmity, pettiness, forgetfulness and obsequiousness — as those in the 21st century, who might have a tendency to romanticize the lives and sentiments of those who lived so long before us.<br />
<br />
©irisheyesjg2015.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;">IMPORTANT NEWS:</span> <b>Images of the microfilm of the Catholic Parish registers held by the National Library are scheduled to be released online on 8 July 2015, so you can seek out parish register oddments of your own.</b><br />
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Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-76030568797147960612015-03-24T04:08:00.001+00:002021-05-18T16:03:57.131+01:00Tuesday's Tips: Butcher, Baker, Cabinet Maker?: Not all Irishmen were farmers.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM2uyc0v9VAthm6pqmc98p7kfzq6UN1TdSS-e3Hbpdq-vsljieW8bLjsU6wf-rJg-RDRg2NNhjQu8vJv6dqWzUU22vHRSvrVsCGCQo0HIUhnsunfAdO7KMbWirZnIaEYReW3-9omSb53sj/s1600/IMG_0002_2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM2uyc0v9VAthm6pqmc98p7kfzq6UN1TdSS-e3Hbpdq-vsljieW8bLjsU6wf-rJg-RDRg2NNhjQu8vJv6dqWzUU22vHRSvrVsCGCQo0HIUhnsunfAdO7KMbWirZnIaEYReW3-9omSb53sj/s1600/IMG_0002_2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Coopers and Scribers, Jameson Distillery, Smithfield, Dublin City.<br />
My paternal great-grandfather Patrick Magee stands in the back row, second from the right.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This is an updated version of a post which first appeared in the summer of 2012 after I came upon a surprising number of sites that posed the question, 'Did you know your Irish ancestors were tenant farmers?'. 'Well no, they were not, not all of them', was my rhetorical response. This update includes new links to assist you in finding out more about those Irish ancestors who were not farmers.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
While 19th century statistics show that most Irish worked the lands as tenant farmers, the plain fact is not everyone who ever lived on the island of Ireland was a farmer.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Your ancestors may have lived in an urban area such as Dublin City. The city of Dublin is over 1000 years old, a very significant period of time within which to search for ancestors who were neither farmers nor farm workers. Even some of those who lived outside the walls of the metropolis were not necessarily farmers. As well, there were some Irish who were land owners, and you may find your ancestors among them (see <a href="http://www.failteromhat.com/lo1876.htm">Failte Romhat site</a>).<br />
<br />
If you are interested in statistics, including those which cover types of occupations in Ireland, dating back as far as the 1821 census, then visit the <a href="http://www.histpop.org/ohpr/servlet/Browse?path=Browse/Census%20(by%20date)&active=no&treestate=expand">Online Historical Population Reports Project</a>. Here you will find all of the published population reports, including census reports, created by the Registrars-General for Ireland (as well as England, Scotland and Wales). </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Although I have a fair number of farmers on my family tree, there are also quite a few for whom the scythe and the spade were foreign instruments. Consider the following professions held by some of my family members:</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u>BALL Family:</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Patrick, Francis, Patrick [the second], Anthony, Gerard: <b>Carpenters, Box Makers & Cabinet Makers</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u>CAVANAUGH Family:</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
John and William: <b>Proprietors of a Carman's Stage. </b><br />
<br />
A carman's stage was a particular type of 18th century inn, usually found on the outskirts of Irish towns, along the turn-pike system of roads in the period. It's purpose was to provide long haul car-men — those who ferried people and goods around the country — with a stopover place at which they could break their journey in order rest, and feed and water their horses, as well as themselves.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u>FITZPATRICK Family: </u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Thomas: <b>Vintner, Victualler, Grocer, Coal labourer</b><br />
Thomas Jr., called Tom: <b>Jockey</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u>GERAGHTY Family:</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Patrick: <b>Car-man</b>, then<b> Car Proprietor</b><br />
<br />
A car proprietor was the owner of a business that provided all manner of horse-drawn carriages, such as flys, landau carriages, coaches, and funeral corteges in the 19th and early 20th century, and automobiles in the 20th century. As well, they provided the service of chauffeuring clients — or corpses, should that be the case — in those vehicles.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Austin: employed by the <b>ESB</b>: the Electricity Supply Board<br />
George: worked for <b>Bord na Mona</b>: the Irish Turf Board<br />
John: <b>Car Driver </b>(driver of the aforementioned 'carriages')</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Michael: <b>Parish Priest</b>,<b> </b>and later<b> Canon </b>in the Roman Catholic Church<br />
Patrick: <b>University Professor</b><br />
Thomas: <b>Clerk </b>at <b>Guinness Brewery</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u>KETTLE Family:</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Andrew J.: <b>Secretary of the Land League</b> (okay, I admit it, he was a farmer too.)</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Thomas: <b>Barrister, Economics Professor </b>at UCD<b>, Writer, </b>WWI Journalist,<b> Poet, </b>and<b> Soldier </b>in the Royal Dublin Fusiliers.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Laurence: <b>Electrical Engineer: </b>Chief Electrical Engineer for Dublin City</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Patrick: <b>Barrister </b>and<b> Justice of the Peace</b><br />
<b><br />
</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u>MAGEE Family:</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Patrick: <b>Scriber</b> and <b>Clerk</b> at Jameson Distillery<br />
Michael: <b>Scriber</b> at Jameson Distillery, <b>Clerk</b> at Patterson's Match Factory,<br />
and <b>2nd Lieutenant, Section Commander</b>, A.S.U., 'A' Comp. 1st Battalion, Irish Republican Army.<br />
Francis: <b>Clerk, </b>then <b>Manager </b>of Jameson Distillery,<br />
and a service member of the <b>Irish</b> <b>Free State Air Force</b> detachment at Baldonnell.<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u>WARD Family:</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Thomas: <b>Mariner</b><br />
James Joseph:<b> Master Mariner, </b>and ultimately<b> Captain of his own ship</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i><u><b>Learning the occupations of your ancestors may give you insight into the fortunes of the family</b>. </u></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
By discovering the professions held by your ancestors, you may be able to glean information about their social status, level of education, and even migration patterns of a family.<br />
<br />
With respect to the jobs held by women: In the census records, you may find an unmarried female family member employed outside the home. Her wages would have be used to supplement those of her father and any brothers for the support of her family. You may find a widowed woman working as a char-woman, seamstress, milliner, or tailor's assistant. These kinds of jobs were often relegated to such women, barely providing them with a subsistence wage. Also, an early 20th century record which reveals a married woman with a profession may hint at a suffragette.<br />
<br />
The male main breadwinner of the family may have held a single job long term, or may have held many jobs over time, particularly if he was an unskilled labourer or if his job entailed travel.<br />
<br />
Unskilled labourers might have to move around the country, or to England, Scotland, Wales and beyond, in search of work. Many unskilled Irish labourers found work on the docks in Liverpool. If you think your ancestor may fit this profile and you cannot find him in the Irish census records, consider searching in the <a href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/records/census-records.htm">census of England</a>. In Liverpool, you will find a high concentration of Irish families living near the Liverpool docklands in the densely populated wards of Everton, Kirkdale, Scotland and Vauxhall. As well, many Irish found work in the Lancashire mines.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Consider the following:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. <b>Marriage registrations.</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Civil registration of <b>ALL</b> birth, marriages, and deaths in Ireland began in 1864<sup><span style="color: red;">1, </span></sup><sup><span style="color: red;">2</span></sup>, and these records are a boon for researchers because they offer so much more information than the baptismal and marriage entries in parish registers, including the professions of those mentioned on the record, such as the betrothed and their fathers. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It was not unusual for sons to follow in their father's footsteps, so you may find a son in a similar profession to that of his father. For example, in the case of my Ball family members, the craft of working wood was passed from generation to generation, with the sons and grandsons becoming cabinet makers. The marriage record of my maternal great-parents Francis Ball and Jane Early shows that continuity.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfoeBX4sirFXXf76KEKSE697EkUmyNOjbHUK1gRo9Lr4mqg1iLHUV77P-g4tJxcUIWL8RUPBueI3Vqldf1ULwmhXsGgvcQIMipqkoY04h8O9DCYnaLnMUJj6IM57zAvHxU7CdOLNl0Ei1G/s1600/IMG_1204.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfoeBX4sirFXXf76KEKSE697EkUmyNOjbHUK1gRo9Lr4mqg1iLHUV77P-g4tJxcUIWL8RUPBueI3Vqldf1ULwmhXsGgvcQIMipqkoY04h8O9DCYnaLnMUJj6IM57zAvHxU7CdOLNl0Ei1G/s1600/IMG_1204.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">24 August 1884:<br />
Francis Ball, carpenter, son of Patrick Ball, carpenter, marries Jane Early.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
*********************</div>
<br />
While the marriage registration below for my maternal great-grandaunt Alice Fitzpatrick and her husband James Joseph Ward indicates that her father was a farmer, it also reveals that both James and his father were Mariners. Interesting to note Alice's profession is pegged as 'Farmer's daughter'.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixf_cElX7zki8yPOOuc9wRllbcSAAh6NOdA-LpWSHn9vPYgC_XmT47795mnj3ZWUiNPrFSQDPHJQ0I0RdRyhiLSJgENnbnlKsWQ0ruoXzNIncxFK6jk2b-TdaVh4Hjm8MwXzDpQCkH0Aor/s1600/IMG_1203.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixf_cElX7zki8yPOOuc9wRllbcSAAh6NOdA-LpWSHn9vPYgC_XmT47795mnj3ZWUiNPrFSQDPHJQ0I0RdRyhiLSJgENnbnlKsWQ0ruoXzNIncxFK6jk2b-TdaVh4Hjm8MwXzDpQCkH0Aor/s1600/IMG_1203.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">11 August, 1886:<br />
James Ward, mariner, son of Thomas Ward, mariner, marries Alice Fitzpatrick, Farmer's daughter.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
*********************</div>
<br />
In the case of my maternal great-grandfather Thomas Fitzpatrick and his bride Mary Teresa Hynes, although both of their fathers were farmers, the record indicates that at the time of their marriage Thomas's profession was that of 'Vintner' and Mary's that of 'Shopkeeper'. Turns out, Thomas was the proprietor of a '7-day Licensed House', that is, a public house, a 'pub', authorized to sell wine and spirits.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp2h1wNt2gM3J2CU5Ay6b4YkScQZcGwoqkuo0umMqk13xiHtKrvhdZD245uucjZP-LZpzfwQGH1QklO4BeH-IpI4e6x6xXsQiBSiuz8HC66P5k6Wn1wwv6erLcxNdYIRuvdjVtwOBfTSth/s1600/IMG_1205.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp2h1wNt2gM3J2CU5Ay6b4YkScQZcGwoqkuo0umMqk13xiHtKrvhdZD245uucjZP-LZpzfwQGH1QklO4BeH-IpI4e6x6xXsQiBSiuz8HC66P5k6Wn1wwv6erLcxNdYIRuvdjVtwOBfTSth/s1600/IMG_1205.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">20 September 1893:<br />
Thomas Fitzpatrick, vintner, marries Mary Teresa Hynes, shopkeeper.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
*********************</div>
<br />
2. <b>Birth Registrations</b><br />
<br />
On the civil registration record of a birth you will find the occupation of the child's father included. If your ancestor came from a large family, compare the birth registration records of all the children, and you will get a good picture of their father's working life, giving you insight into the fortunes of the family from the changes you see in employment. Also, a comparison between the profession indicated on a marriage registration record and the birth registrations of the children born to that marriage may reveal a change in profession.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv1DwB1-R2mkqMepe-JkdRqfLSKHuwtHK6BoJ52DKBFR3y5k-_6tKSyipaB8As-hBz8npA7l_7GjpyUIk1d4GD-aV7ei8mjJw3WkBpLqf-QIH6VkherMELo3KfNzOdB4YEXpOzZmyLIkvt/s1600/IMG_1207.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv1DwB1-R2mkqMepe-JkdRqfLSKHuwtHK6BoJ52DKBFR3y5k-_6tKSyipaB8As-hBz8npA7l_7GjpyUIk1d4GD-aV7ei8mjJw3WkBpLqf-QIH6VkherMELo3KfNzOdB4YEXpOzZmyLIkvt/s1600/IMG_1207.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In 1895 Catherine Geraghty is born to Patrick Geraghty, car man.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguNPeTYN9PBq2hVD_4xrkhwXJiB5ZFB4SR0pURpyGXDep5OjewycgF5FDOTmk8ZdIrFHl5MUzvC9dSEROOba__0wZByJWZBpltUtZVoUtTwUVqZejXN6IDefRKLX2QpQS6ez-5gOmX1pQZ/s1600/IMG_1202.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguNPeTYN9PBq2hVD_4xrkhwXJiB5ZFB4SR0pURpyGXDep5OjewycgF5FDOTmk8ZdIrFHl5MUzvC9dSEROOba__0wZByJWZBpltUtZVoUtTwUVqZejXN6IDefRKLX2QpQS6ez-5gOmX1pQZ/s1600/IMG_1202.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">By 1903, as noted on this birth registration of his son George,<br />
Patrick Geraghty is a Car Proprietor, the owner of his own business.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
*********************</div>
<br />
As I previously noted above, on his 1893 marriage registration, Thomas Fitzpatrick declared his profession as that of a 'Vintner'; however, by 1894 and the birth of his first born child Mary Angela, the record shows him as a 'Victualler and Grocer'. Seems this is a marker of a beginning trend of fortune's downward turn for Thomas, as his 1901 English census record and 1911 Irish census record will bear out.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPM_jF-ZydULACDySw2LqqPZS6ebp-MT6jGNJV__cYRAMZbADZxcRzmcRP4IDVZyVT9GTYDaQvxfUmubg4V7vpRAXRotwA-1WH6dvs1STHl5P5NONrGp7cFz0FJVjHwgP0T7o306-XRQI2/s1600/IMG_1206.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPM_jF-ZydULACDySw2LqqPZS6ebp-MT6jGNJV__cYRAMZbADZxcRzmcRP4IDVZyVT9GTYDaQvxfUmubg4V7vpRAXRotwA-1WH6dvs1STHl5P5NONrGp7cFz0FJVjHwgP0T7o306-XRQI2/s1600/IMG_1206.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">2 September 1894: Mary Angela Fitzpatrick is born to victualler and grocer Thomas Fitzpatrick.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
3. <b>Cemetery registers.</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
Depending on the cemetery, and the time period of the record, the job title or profession of the deceased, or the father or husband of the deceased is usually listed in the register. For example, below is an image from the <a href="http://www.glasnevintrust.ie/genealogy/">registers of Glasnevin Cemetery</a>. It is the burial record of Jane Ball, baby daughter of my maternal great-grandfather Francis Ball. You will note Jane is referred to as 'Box maker's child'. </div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3egxgLvZ_A49jxjnUPecBTPPrsO0JXONBszRDFz8wJUYbnq6NrHw7tTKTJIu-SHHoscduiZQ7XNXF94bk7DbwzTgsz8bjMH4RSRlwJuib2JXpwmN8DCEmAuF28iIZMzMzJWBxQCDkWVQN/s1600/index-1.cfm.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="54" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3egxgLvZ_A49jxjnUPecBTPPrsO0JXONBszRDFz8wJUYbnq6NrHw7tTKTJIu-SHHoscduiZQ7XNXF94bk7DbwzTgsz8bjMH4RSRlwJuib2JXpwmN8DCEmAuF28iIZMzMzJWBxQCDkWVQN/s1600/index-1.cfm.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jane Ball, Box maker's child.<br />
Extract from Glasnevin burial register of 1889.<br />
Click on image to view larger version.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
4. <b>Obituaries and Newspaper Advertisements</b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Although the professions of none of his other children are mentioned in the obituary of my paternal great-grandfather Patrick Geraghty, the profession of his son Michael and that of one of his grandsons shows up in the first line of the obituary, '... father of Rev. M. Geraghty, C.C., and grandfather of Rev. D. Geraghty, O.P.'. You may come across this in the obituaries of your own ancestors, particularly if a family member held a job considered to bear some prestige.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-H3le7fg22Ss/T0UP7dDw6YI/AAAAAAAADos/8V6SIKEadho/s1600/Page+1+-+Version+3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="141" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-H3le7fg22Ss/T0UP7dDw6YI/AAAAAAAADos/8V6SIKEadho/s320/Page+1+-+Version+3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
If you have an ancestor or family member who had an established business such as a pub, grocery, farm, etc., and then suddenly didn't, check out the auction advertisement columns in newspapers of the period.<br />
<br />
<b>Newspaper ads</b> may include interesting details which might give you insight into the life of your family member. For example, auctions for the selling off of such things as a business, household goods, large numbers of livestock (for farmers), and leases on houses or plots of land may be a signal that he is about to change professions, or his family might be in trouble financially, and they may be preparing to migrate elsewhere. <br />
<br />
In 1897 Thomas Fitzpatrick auctioned off his 7-day Licensed House. You will notice in the auction ad below, dated 5 October 1897, a reason is provided for the sale of the pub. It states, '[Thomas Fitzpatrick] finds his farm and other business requiring all his attention.'. In fact, this sale may have been precipitated by the fact that Thomas was moving on. Just over a year later Thomas and his family were living in Liverpool.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHJyTnzsoBo1RPc1Vtc0v8WWA0E_e7G9IhSd8bvx2jccnhZGV8ZtMmCkVM8Lvx_XU-ppQe8D9yIl_BgCHnYM9rYu_UD6qYMZV6wMc9ZBAgFpBVer7pHx58gKgTN8PxGO6-YIL3TpPLTuKm/s1600/Great-grandfather-+FITZPATRICK,+Thomas+5+Oct+1897+auction+of+his+7-day+licence+house.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHJyTnzsoBo1RPc1Vtc0v8WWA0E_e7G9IhSd8bvx2jccnhZGV8ZtMmCkVM8Lvx_XU-ppQe8D9yIl_BgCHnYM9rYu_UD6qYMZV6wMc9ZBAgFpBVer7pHx58gKgTN8PxGO6-YIL3TpPLTuKm/s1600/Great-grandfather-+FITZPATRICK,+Thomas+5+Oct+1897+auction+of+his+7-day+licence+house.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />
5. The <b>Irish</b> <b>Census</b><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKMKxjxpbp9u7EhT_ujF2R8Dhz_26UjUVbcGrlV7GkbSV2BxZwjdfufCa5g-Wowox-dtp9KEAK97Dzns3OSxIaG-yxjnL9SS7U6aa6j16iRKGtwG1-G2H0IUl8Sk-4ZmBKUZ6pJAkz7xfQ/s1600/TK+&+MSK+1911+census-+Profession.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKMKxjxpbp9u7EhT_ujF2R8Dhz_26UjUVbcGrlV7GkbSV2BxZwjdfufCa5g-Wowox-dtp9KEAK97Dzns3OSxIaG-yxjnL9SS7U6aa6j16iRKGtwG1-G2H0IUl8Sk-4ZmBKUZ6pJAkz7xfQ/s1600/TK+&+MSK+1911+census-+Profession.jpg" width="191" /></a></div>
Irish census records from 1901 and 1911 have a column for the specific identification of the job held by an individual at the time of the census taking.<br />
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On the National Archives site you can even search by occupation. <a href="http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/search/#searchmore">(see NAI search page)</a>. Click on 'more search options' to search by occupation.<br />
<br />
It is apparent from this snippet on the left from <a href="http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/reels/nai000127296/">their 1911 Census form</a> that Thomas Michael Kettle wanted to ensure his profession was well understood, as well as that of his wife, Mary Sheehy. In addition to Thomas Kettle's occupation as a Barrister and Economics professor, both he and his wife Mary are recorded as graduates of the National University of Ireland, and as writers.</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
For Thomas Fitzpatrick — once a vintner, victualler and grocer — it appears that with the move to Liverpool his fortunes greatly faltered, as the <a href="http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/reels/nai000223158/">1911 Irish census of the Fitzpatrick</a> household finds them back in Ireland with Thomas employed as a coal labourer.<sup><span style="color: red;">3</span></sup></div>
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6. <b>Directories</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjem1qhBCx-2GUSFzi6n3CFXQBOP9VpvOsa08c8NMX6eDF7cAk7PkZopPqIbbKaHZI-3nwh0ZxGg0900Kme4FZIhgkGk25MYHJs6DNqPLU_Cuzl25opWvAkUR-HNU_j9wz9hEen9cBYqlE/s1600/IMG_1188+2.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjem1qhBCx-2GUSFzi6n3CFXQBOP9VpvOsa08c8NMX6eDF7cAk7PkZopPqIbbKaHZI-3nwh0ZxGg0900Kme4FZIhgkGk25MYHJs6DNqPLU_Cuzl25opWvAkUR-HNU_j9wz9hEen9cBYqlE/s1600/IMG_1188+2.JPG" width="352" /></a></div>
City and Country directories are a great resource for learning about an ancestor's occupation, and some directories are freely available online (click on the blue links below to view various editions). Many of these can be found on Google Books, although not all years are available.<br />
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Some classes of workers are excluded from directories. For example you will not find landless labourers, small lot tenant farmers, and servants; however, you will find the following included: shop keepers, apothecaries, pawnbrokers, bankers, ecclesiastics, and a whole host of others.</div>
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Look for the following titles:<br />
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1751-1837: Wilson's Directory and <a href="http://books.google.com/ebooks?id=OSwsAAAAMAAJ&source=webstore_atb_similarbooks">The Treble Almanack</a> (Wilson's Directory was published as part of the Treble Almanack beginning in 1837).<br />
from 1820: Pigot & Slater's countrywide directories; <a href="http://books.google.com/ebooks?id=2TZPAAAAYAAJ&source=webstore_atb_similarbooks">Slater's Directory</a>.<br />
1834-1849: Pettigrew and Oulton's Dublin Almanac and General Register of Ireland<br />
1844-present day: <a href="http://books.google.com/ebooks?id=BXc9AAAAcAAJ&source=gbs_slider_user_shelves_7_homepage">Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory</a><br />
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<u><br />
</u> <u>Footnotes and Resources:</u><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. 1845 was the first year in which marriages (i.e. non-Roman Catholic marriages) were registered in Ireland. In 1863, legislation known as the ‘Registration of Births and Deaths Act of 1863’ established the legal requirement that the births and deaths of <b>ALL</b> Irish born persons be registered with the government. The act was amended on 28 July 1863, via a private member's bill in Parliament, to include all marriages as well. The civil registration of all of these life events officially began on 1 January 1864.<br />
<br />
2. For the 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland you can order copies of civil registration records online via the website Certificates.ie at <a href="http://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/1/bdm/Certificates/">http://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/1/bdm/Certificates/</a>. This site does not offer a search option, so you must have in hand the details of the record you want. See <a href="http://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/1/bdm/Certificates/faq/faq.html#question3">this link</a> for details about the information required, and <a href="http://www.hse.ie/eng/services/list/1/bdm/Certificates/faq/#question1">this link</a> for full details with respect to exactly which records can be applied for online.<br />
<br />
For the 6 counties of Northern Ireland, you can search for and order copies of civil registration records online via the website of GRONI, the General Registration Office of Northern Ireland at <a href="https://geni.nidirect.gov.uk/">https://geni.nidirect.gov.uk</a>.<br />
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Indexes for Irish civil registration are available on FamilySearch.org at <a href="https://familysearch.org/search/collection/1408347">https://familysearch.org/search/collection/1408347</a>.<br />
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3. The Fitzpatrick family moved to Liverpool sometime in late 1898 or early 1899, and the family did not fare well there (See <a href="http://thesearchforanneandmichael.blogspot.ca/2011/05/matrilineal-monday-little-joseph.html">'Probably General Debility': The death of Little Joseph Fitzpatrick, aged 6</a>). The 1901 Census of England reveals that Thomas and his family were living in the docklands of Liverpool, and he was working as a casual labourer on the docks.<br />
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©irisheyesjg2015. </div>
Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-390677411039765188.post-88288454218707894512015-03-21T04:08:00.000+00:002015-03-22T00:52:55.049+00:00Sepia Saturday #271: 'Of the four-legged variety'<div style="text-align: justify;">
Thanks very much to Sepia Saturday chief Alan Burnett for the inspiration image for today's Sepia Saturday post. For me, looking at the picture of the horses elicited thoughts about beings, and other 'types' with four legs, that we might encounter along life's journey. So for my contribution to the images roll, back in colour today, I offer <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>'Of the four-legged variety'</i></span>. Be sure to stop by the <a href="http://sepiasaturday.blogspot.ca/2015/03/sepia-saturday-271-21-march-2015.html">Sepia Saturday blog</a> to connect with others who have been inspired by today's theme photograph, and perhaps you will be inspired too.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihgX7pP8p-aYHz4IYXt0MFXXJKfWhAtuqosisZh8sh4J-oXgPBkmBx73pROPdo-9QrBzsSXRL6vONtLGMOjPPNa3_3VUZHzCJD49-QbiUGoQiCBbHx9A7MzIjLgzRVNPZ83hezCuPmR3Ou/s1600/IMG_1194.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihgX7pP8p-aYHz4IYXt0MFXXJKfWhAtuqosisZh8sh4J-oXgPBkmBx73pROPdo-9QrBzsSXRL6vONtLGMOjPPNa3_3VUZHzCJD49-QbiUGoQiCBbHx9A7MzIjLgzRVNPZ83hezCuPmR3Ou/s1600/IMG_1194.JPG" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Atop the Harvie tomb, a dog stands upon his master's cloak,<br />
howling for all eternity over the loss of his master.<br />
Mount Jerome Cemetery, Harold's Cross, Dublin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Vgm7ECoEAplVfW5WrDFyH3YS4AZHLl7B7uIsd2-ZLFX4S4FGOZdM9ljUatmBw88tNVf0jffDEWu7abzkgFKrsLLLBf_YKjqsl1oASGjLjOzqS-N28USJI4XF02-v3tBPmNw9q1U2FDkB/s1600/IMG_1190.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9Vgm7ECoEAplVfW5WrDFyH3YS4AZHLl7B7uIsd2-ZLFX4S4FGOZdM9ljUatmBw88tNVf0jffDEWu7abzkgFKrsLLLBf_YKjqsl1oASGjLjOzqS-N28USJI4XF02-v3tBPmNw9q1U2FDkB/s1600/IMG_1190.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The top of a tomb with four leonine feet looks set to walk away.<br />
Mount Jerome Cemetery, Harold's Cross, Dublin.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0oGOH57H09WuftvbgRzuPLkrZxxlqGKhO519X5MBE3NM2EfOq5tunoFuF9S675jVxufwDqYV2ccysCewtxzSEdkpedQH2KOt6wdNJdRwHcD5dUty79vzxIVBFUfzClhdGpI-KJTpaW2Wd/s1600/IMG_1192.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0oGOH57H09WuftvbgRzuPLkrZxxlqGKhO519X5MBE3NM2EfOq5tunoFuF9S675jVxufwDqYV2ccysCewtxzSEdkpedQH2KOt6wdNJdRwHcD5dUty79vzxIVBFUfzClhdGpI-KJTpaW2Wd/s1600/IMG_1192.JPG" height="324" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A close-up of the paws in question.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUgCUJtzY5xWAn9K35EKxmBU_eBOIj_eRy08NlKzhRYxcohLx8pwBEZKlvKJsd6P3uM-0Itq72aav8Ig5lyV1amkDVEQ_NvS43Ew5P0quSmFFAzCICuUqoc8HYeSEsmBxQvh3LxV0WBmPx/s1600/IMG_0007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUgCUJtzY5xWAn9K35EKxmBU_eBOIj_eRy08NlKzhRYxcohLx8pwBEZKlvKJsd6P3uM-0Itq72aav8Ig5lyV1amkDVEQ_NvS43Ew5P0quSmFFAzCICuUqoc8HYeSEsmBxQvh3LxV0WBmPx/s1600/IMG_0007.jpg" height="640" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Four legs beneath, being stomped on by feet,<br />
as St. George slays the dragon.<br />
Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPQJw0Py5zRBU-wm_56tXnqwpb9P_7Kr8aYOWoYfCCVFTVqj9l9ReKTMeOE8b7cxXLTJDil7yY_brQNILBnott911_R_-mFYBOy3R7GRRUMUDORslS0MsVG-UioyuR1YjFIqGkW4MAslG/s1600/IMG_1195.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPQJw0Py5zRBU-wm_56tXnqwpb9P_7Kr8aYOWoYfCCVFTVqj9l9ReKTMeOE8b7cxXLTJDil7yY_brQNILBnott911_R_-mFYBOy3R7GRRUMUDORslS0MsVG-UioyuR1YjFIqGkW4MAslG/s1600/IMG_1195.JPG" height="640" width="386" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Six feet here rather than four, I realize, as the Irish wolfhound hangs<br />
on the words of his angel mistress.<br />
O'Connell Monument, Dublin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJy-4bdpm7HR6B7FV6Sdr2eTHNPljltSk_VAVUqx6_ivkWaZfB5TWdaJjvaa0Tpr4Klgh68XNKfcelpvMPg1AWw9Wbjir6mPkxxhyRTgthSbaRMyfBfrJLBx7G5A-lRcVWMu3GG-lXOtZW/s1600/IMG_1185.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJy-4bdpm7HR6B7FV6Sdr2eTHNPljltSk_VAVUqx6_ivkWaZfB5TWdaJjvaa0Tpr4Klgh68XNKfcelpvMPg1AWw9Wbjir6mPkxxhyRTgthSbaRMyfBfrJLBx7G5A-lRcVWMu3GG-lXOtZW/s1600/IMG_1185.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Given that we are in Ireland, we must include the requisite sheep,<br />
grazing at the foot of Croagh Patrick, Murrisk, County Mayo, and...</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgObJf15ZiKKSlo7VJloPtQATY1lLbHEdOVotGtAORvrjn_j-acWnctTrMnZLVD1XjMtJZ8L1ae7A27XfLdKCxtsGCK7n4C3E98AmhC55449nTJIfwJPgnr8k83lqzYuBUnkVpQAmlkxwzp/s1600/IMG_1184.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgObJf15ZiKKSlo7VJloPtQATY1lLbHEdOVotGtAORvrjn_j-acWnctTrMnZLVD1XjMtJZ8L1ae7A27XfLdKCxtsGCK7n4C3E98AmhC55449nTJIfwJPgnr8k83lqzYuBUnkVpQAmlkxwzp/s1600/IMG_1184.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">... nearby, the cows must be given their due.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0W0ubdb_BG6l5_sW706MBGKwvkgQ3dK3xEOsIu0geaLLcmGVCVT1wD5pvO6CZOgzsQvE_m3_0OJECxbPqD-n-kZxgQpzlYiF3IFXvZfyetlr3yAftuexnwJJ2uzwwef00i7guMlMCKiJS/s1600/IMG_1187.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0W0ubdb_BG6l5_sW706MBGKwvkgQ3dK3xEOsIu0geaLLcmGVCVT1wD5pvO6CZOgzsQvE_m3_0OJECxbPqD-n-kZxgQpzlYiF3IFXvZfyetlr3yAftuexnwJJ2uzwwef00i7guMlMCKiJS/s1600/IMG_1187.JPG" height="548" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The addition of some humans and horses, for good measure.<br />
Riding in the Gap of Dunloe, County Kerry, with my family:<br />
Dad is on the left, seated atop a mare named Maudie.<br />
Mom is in the 'trap' with Seamus the driver,<br />
pulled by a pony named Lizzy,<br />
and I am on the right riding a pony named Tom.<br />
My brother is behind the camera.</td><td class="tr-caption"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption"><br /></td></tr>
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©irisheyesjg2015.Éire Historianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04588116386284997687noreply@blogger.com18